Reviewer: Comm20 Finals CH8 - Emotions

Emotional Contagion: 2 Distinct Parenting Style

1.) Emotion Coaching - gives life skills for communicating about feelings. 2.) Emotion Dismissing - parents tend to avoid. By ignoring emotions, they often miss the opportunity to connect when a child needs them most. To handle the child's emotions they: Tell the child there is no reason to be sad.

Managing Emotion: Debilitative Emotions

can hinder or prevent effective performance. can be more intense. with extended duration. Rumination: recurrent thoughts not demanded by the immediate environment.

Managing Emotion: Rational-emotive approach

change feelings by changing unproductive interpretations.

What are emotions?

Anger, Fear, Disgust, Happiness, Sadness and Surprise

Influences on Emotional Expression: Culture

Culture is a factor influencing emotional expression. Individualism and Collectivism

Managing Emotion: Irrational Thinking and Debilitative Emotions

Fallacy (false or mistaken idea) of Perfection - is the thought that a competent communicator should be able to handle any situation with complete confidence and skill. Fallacy of Approval - is the idea that you need to get everyone's approval. Fallacy of should - is the inability to distinguish between what is and what should be. Fallacy of overgeneralization - it occurs when a conclusion about a group is drawn from an unrepresentative sample, especially a sample that is too small or too narrow. It is the opposite of slothful induction. Fallacy of causation - one thing actually causes the other to happen). Sometimes correlation is coincidental, or it may be attributable to a common cause. It is the belief that one should not do anything that will cause harm or inconvenience to others because it will cause undesirable feelings. Fallacy of helplessness - suggests that forces beyond our control determine life satisfaction. Fallacy of catastrophic expectations - occurs when one assumes that if something bad can happen then it will; catastrophic thinking often takes the form of rumination, which is the presence of recurrent thoughts not demanded by the immediate environment.

Managing Emotion: Thoughts cause feelings

Interpretations of events determine feelings.

Minimizing Debilitative Emotions

Monitor your emotional reactions. Note that activating event. Record your self-talk. Dispute your irrational beliefs. Change your self-talk.

Influences on Emotional Expression: Social conventions and Roles

People tend to act out rather than talk out their emotions. Emotional Labor: situations in which managing and suppressing emotions is appropriate and necessary. Capacity to recognize and act on certain emotions decreases without practice.

Expressing Emotions Effectively

People who know how to share feelings are healthier. People who over express their feelings can also suffer. Key is to learn to express emotions constructively. Sharing emotions improve relationships. Recognize your feelings. Choose the best language. Share multiple feelings. Recognize the difference between feeling and acting Accept responsibility for your feelings Choose the best time and place to express your emotions.

Emotional Contagion: Expressive people

People who share their feelings appropriately are healthier than those who don't.

Influences on Emotional Expression: Personality

Personality is a powerful force, but doesn't have to govern communication satisfaction. Shy people can communicate comfortably and effectively online.

Influences on Emotional Expression

Personality, Culture, Gender, Social Conventions and Roles, Social Media, Emotional Contagion

Verbal Expression

Sometimes words necessary to express emotions. We use specific emotion words to represent degrees of intensity. Example: Annoyed Angry Furious Pensive Sad Grieving Content Happy Ecstatic Anxious Afraid Terrified

Cognitive Interpretation Cognitive (mental process of knowing) - refers to the thought process (cognition) by which one is aware or by which one gains or applies knowledge. This includes intuition, perception, reasoning, and judgment.

The mind impacts how we feel. Based on Physiological response alone, it may be difficult to distinguish between trembling with fear, and quivering with excitement.

Gender differences: woman vs. men

Women are faster than men @ recognizing emotions from facial cues. Women are better at identifying multiple emotions. Women are better at judging emotions from eye behavior alone. Women are more stimulated by emotional data and remember than men do. Women seem more likely than men to verbally and non verbally express a wide range of feelings. Men are more likely to experience what scholars call "alexithymia" - a reluctance to talk about feelings, which can lead to relational challenges. Ex. Fathers mask their emotions more than mother do which led their children to have more difficulty reading their fathers' emotional expression.

Managing Emotion: Facilitative Emotions

can contribute to effective functioning. certain amount of anger/irritation can be constructive when improving unsatisfying conditions. a little bit of nervousness can boost performance.

High Affective Orientation

are much more aware of their own emotional states. They use this awareness when making important decisions.

Low Affective Orientation

are usually unaware of their emotions and tend to regard feelings and useless, unimportant information.

Nonverbal Behavior

as the reaction to an emotional state, but there maybe times when the reverse is true - when non verbal behavior causes emotions.

When Physiological changes occur

body changes: increased heartbeat, rise in blood pressure, increased in adrenaline, elevated blood sugar level, slowing of digestion, pupil dilation

Maximizing Facilitative (contribute to effective functioning) Emotions

enjoy and savor positive emotional experiences. regard challenging situations as opportunities for growth. focus on what you gained, not on what you lost. choose compassion over contempt.

Influences on Emotional Expression: Social Media

express more emotions online than in person. Those who have trouble sharing feelings face to face may find a freedom to do so behind the safety of a keyboard or touchscreen. Social media can encourage outbursts and tirades. Social media can feed emotional responses. Both senders and receivers experience emotions more intensely online.

Individualist Culture

feel comfortable revealing their feelings to people whom they are close. Individualist are quite frank about expressing negative emotions towards outsiders.

Influences on Emotional Expression: Gender

gender roles shape way men and women experience and express emotions. cultural stereotype of inexpressive male and demonstrative female. men and women experience same emotions, but differ how they are read and expressed.

Influences on Emotional Expression: Emotional Contagion

it is a process by which emotions are transferred from one person to another. We catch feelings from one another as though they were some kind of social virus. Power of emotional contagion: being aroused a calm person left him or her feeling more at peace.

Managing Emotion: Thoughts Cause Feelings

it's not events that cause emotions, but beliefs held about events.

Emotional Intelligence

positively linked with self-esteem and life satisfaction, empathic listening abilities and effective workplace interactions.

Collectivist Culture

prize harmony among members of their group and discourage expression of any negative emotions that might upset relationships among people who belong it. They hide emotions.

Cognitive Interpretation: Reappraisal

rethinking meaning of events to alter emotional impact. Reappraise from a neutral perspective; have a higher levels of relational satisfaction

Low Arousal Positive Effect

such as being calm, relaxed, and peaceful. Asian Americans and Hongkong Chinese value LAPA

High Arousal Positive Effect

such as excitement, enthusiasm and elation. European American tend to value HAPA. US culture of cheerfulness.

Define Emotional Intelligence

the ability to understand and manage one's own emotions and to be sensitive to others' feelings.

Emotional Contagion: Inexpressive people

those who avoid their feelings and impulses and deny distress are more likely to suffer from a host of medical ailments.

Managing Emotion

thoughts Cause Feelings