RG Exotics
Cloacagram - Central Ray - Borders
- Needs barium - Central ray: Cranial to the cloaca (vent) - Borders: Include the cranial third of the coelom
Lateral View of Chelonians - Position - Central Ray - Borders
- Position: depends on if there is a vertical or horizontal beam - Central ray: The center of the body between the carapace and plastron - Borders: Include the whole body
Craniocaudal View of the Chelonian - Position - Central Ray - Borders
- Position: depends on if there is a vertical or horizontal beam - Central ray: Through the middle of the head - Borders: Include the whole body
Lateral View of the Snake - Position - Central Ray - Borders
- Position: depends on if you're using a vertical or horizontal beam - Central ray: Over the area of interest - Borders: Include the area of interest (anterior, middle, caudal end)
Ventrodorsal View of Whole Body/Abdomen/Thorax of a Larger Exotic Companion Mamma
- Position: dorsal recumbency
Mediolateral view of a wing - Position - Central Ray - Borders
- Position: dorsal recumbency - Central ray: Mid-wing or the area of interest - Borders: Include the entire wing, including the scapulohumeral joint
Ventrodorsal View of the Avian Coelom - Position - Central Ray - Borders
- Position: dorsal recumbency - Central ray: Over the midline at the caudal tip of sternum - Borders: Small bird: include the whole body
Lateral View of the Whole Body/Abdomen/Thorax of a Larger Exotic Companion Mammals
- Position: lateral recumbency
Lateral View of the Skull of a Larger Exotic Companion Mammal - Position - Central Ray - Borders
- Position: lateral recumbency - Central ray: Mid-skull just rostral and ventral to the eye - Borders: Include from the tip of the nose to C2 (the base of the skull)
Lateral View of the Small Exotic Companion Mammal - Position - Central Ray - Borders
- Position: lateral recumbency - Central ray: TL junction - Borders: Include the whole body or the area of interest
Dorsoventral and Lateral Views of Fish - Position - Central ray - Borders
- Position: place the fish in a bag and x-ray it as needed - Central ray: The middle of the body - Borders: Include the whole bod
Dorsoventral View of Chelonians - Position - Central Ray - Borders
- Position: regular horizontal position - Central ray: The center of the shell - Borders: Include the whole body
Avian Coelom - Position - Central Ray - Borders
- Position: right lateral recumbency - Central ray: At the level of the xiphoid (caudal tip of keel), between the spine and keel - Borders: For small birds, the whole body should be included
Lateral Oblique (Oblique Dorsoventral) Views of the Skull for Tympanic Bullae, Dental Arcade, and Temporomandibular Joint of a Larger exotic companion mammal - Position - Central Ray - Borders
- Position: right or left lateral recumbency - Central ray: Mid-skull just rostral and ventral to the eye - Borders: Include the tip of the nose to C2 (the base of the skull)
Dorsoventral View of the Snake - Position - Central Ray - Borders
- Position: sternal recumbency - Central ray: Over the area of interest - Borders: Include the area of interest (anterior, middle, caudal)
Dorsoventral View of the Lizard - Position - Central Ray - Borders
- Position: sternal recumbency - Central ray: Over the midline of the body about the level of the TL junction, unless the tail is of interest - Borders: Include the whole body
Dorsoventral or Ventrodorsal View of the Skull of a Larger Exotic Companion Animal - Position - Central Ray - Borders
- Position: ventral or dorsal recumbency - Central ray: Midline between the eyes - Borders: Include the tip of the nose to C2 (base of the skull)
Lateral View of the Lizard - Position - Central Ray - Borders
- Position: ventral recumbency - Central ray: Over the midline of the body - Borders: Include the whole body
Dorsoventral of Exotic Companion Mammals - Position - Central Ray - Borders
- Position: ventral recumbency - Central ray: Over the thoracolumbar (TL) junction - Borders: Include the whole body or the area of interest
Caudocranial View of the Avian Wing - Position - Central Ray - Borders
- Positioning: Carefully position the patient upside down with the head directed to the floor. Extend the wing - Central ray: On the area of interest -
Ventrodorsal View of the Avian Head - Position - Central Ray - Borders
- Positioning: dorsal recumbency - Central ray: Midline between the eyes - Borders: Include the entire head
Craniocaudal View of the Avian Pelvic Limb - Position - Central Ray - Borders
- Positioning: dorsal recumbency - Central ray: On the affected limb(s) - Borders: Include just beyond the affected are
Mediolateral of the avian foot - Position - Central Ray - Borders
- Positioning: right lateral recumbency - Central ray: On the condyles of the tarsometatarsal bone - Borders: Include all of the phalanges
Lateral view of the avian head - Position - Central Ray - Borders
- Positioning: right lateral recumbency - Central ray: Ventral to the eye - Borders: Include the entire head extending to the cervical region
What views do you need to study the avian digestive tract?
- Right lateral radiographs - Ventrodorsal
Common reasons for radiographing guinea pigs are ...
- Suspected bloat and urinary tract calculi are other common reasons for diagnostic imaging. - Injuries are very common
Urography - What does it do? - What radiographs are taken?
- Urography can also be completed through the use of an intravenous contrast medium to evaluate the urinary tract - VD radiographs are taken
What are amphibians able to do that may cause problems?
Anurans are able to prolapse the stomach after eating undesirable food, after some methods of anesthesia, and when they are dying.
Common reasons for radiographing rabbits are ...
Common reasons for radiographing rabbits are generally fractures or dislocations of the extremities, pelvic fractures, chest trauma, and bruises, scrapes, and minor lacerations of the face.
Common reasons to radiograph fish includes ...
Common reasons for radiography include trauma, swim bladder issues, and neoplasia.
Common reasons for radiographing ferrets are ...
Ferrets are often brought in with complaints of trauma, gastrointestinal obstruction, cancer, or heart disease.
The positioning of lizards for radiography uses what views?
Positioning of lizards for radiography utilizes the conventional DV and lateral views
What is a natural enhancement in avian radiographs?
The bird's system of air sacs provides enhanced contrast in areas that arenot well visualized in mammals
What views are best to radiograph a snake in?
The dorsoventral view is more useful for imaging the spine and ribs and lateral recumbency is needed to visualize the organs properl
Why is less exposure needed for avian radiographs?
The lower bone density in reptiles and mammals
The most common view in amphibians is ...
The most commonly used view is the DV.
What views are commonly used for small companion mammals such as rats, mice, hamsters, etc.?
The two orthogonal views generally are the DV and lateral in smaller exotic companion mammals such as rats, mice, hamsters, gerbils, or small rabbits and guinea pig.
Common reasons for radiographing reptiles are ...
Traumatic injuries, gravidity evaluation, impactions, lung evaluation for pneumonia, and urinary calculi are common reasons that a radiograph may need to be acquired in a reptile.
What is the primary imaging modality for exotic companion mammals?
Ultrasonography
Why would we need to ultrasound a lizard?
Ultrasound is more diagnostic and can be used to evaluate various systems, such as the reproductive, as well as the heart and other viscera
What views are commonly used for larger companion mammals such as rabbits and ferrets?
VD recumbency is generally used for larger exotic companionmammals such as rabbits and ferret
When handling amphibians, make sure to ...
When handling amphibians make sure to use gloves, specifically powder-free non-latex gloves.
