Connect homework

Prokaryotic organisms have been around for about how long?

3.5 billion years

Which is true regarding all bacterial cells? All are motile. All lack a nucleus. All contain a cell wall. All cause disease.

All lack a nucleus.

What is the glycocalyx?

An extracellular coating that provides protection to the cell

Who developed the first single-lens microscope?

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Twisting or flexing of spirochete bacteria is attributed to which of the following?

Axial filaments

All cells that are capable of replication and metabolism contain which of the following characteristics? -Cell membrane -Ribosomes -Cell walls -Flagella -Chromosomes -Organelles

Cell membrane Ribosomes Chromosomes

Which of the following prevents the rupture of bacterial cells by internal osmotic pressure?

Cell wall

Which of the following is the movement towards or away from a chemical stimulus?

Chemotaxis

Humans belong the the Phylum ______ and Class _____ .

Chordata; Mammalia

Elongated, rigid tubes on gram-negative bacteria that are involved in the transfer of DNA from one cell to another are called which of the following?

Conjugation pili

Which of the following diseases are spread by the Aedes mosquito? Dengue Zika Lyme disease Malaria Chikungunya

Dengue Zika Chikungunya

Which cell type is generally larger in size? Prokaryotic cells Archaeal cells Eukaryotic cells

Eukaryotic cells

Chlamydia infections has been linked to which of the following conditions? Female infertility Lung cancer Liver cancer Kidney cancer

Female infertility

Which scientist discovered heat-resistant endospores?

Ferdinand Cohn

The major types of microorganisms or agents include which of the following?

Fungi Viruses Algae Bacteria Protozoa

What technology involves the deliberate modification of the genetic structure of an organism to create novel products? PCR DNA fingerprinting Organic agriculture Genetic engineering

Genetic engineering

Which of the following genera of microbes has been associated with gastric ulcers? Klebsiella Escherichia Staphylococcus Helicobacter

Helicobacter

Which group of microorganisms includes the parasitic worms?

Helminths

Microbiology involves the study of microscopic organisms or agents, including which of the following?

Helminths Viruses Bacteria Protozoa Fungi

Humans and apes belong to the Family _______

Hominoidea or Hominidae

Endotoxin is toxic to which of the following cells?

Human and other mammalian cells

It is observed that several family members have a blood condition called hemophilia. This may lead to the general idea that this condition is inheritable. This is an example of which of the following? Intuition Inductive reasoning Deductive reasoning Good guessing

Inductive reasoning

Which describes a good hypothesis? It must be developed from a scientific theory. It must be tested once to determine its complete validity. It must be true in all related situations. It must be able to be supported or rejected by experimentation.

It must be able to be supported or rejected by experimentation.

A prokaryotic microorganism in which of the following kingdoms using the Whittaker system of classification?

Kingdom Monera

The formal system of organizing, classifying, and naming living things was started by which scientists?

Linnaeus

Which of the following describes a cluster of flagella emerging from the same site?

Lophotrichous

Which of the following diseases have emerged due to human encroaching into new territory and wild habitats? Lyme disease Ebola fever Influenza Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome Cholera

Lyme disease Ebola fever Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

Which term describes the process of a cell breaking open or rupturing?

Lysis

Which of the following describes a single, polar flagellum? Peritrichous Monotrichous Amphitrichous Lophotrichous

Monotrichous

Which of the following bacteria could exhibit phototaxis?

Photosynthetic bacteria

Identify which of the following are external structures used primarily for direct contact interactions with other cells. Cilia Flagella Pili Fimbriae

Pili Fimbriae

Which type of microorganism lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and most membrane-bound organelles?

Prokaryotic

______ is the study of protozoa.

Protozoology

What structural difference is found in gram-positive cells but not in gram-negative cells?

Single cell membrane

Which structure is most closely associated with biofilm formation?

Slime layer

What is the name for corkscrew-shaped bacteria?

Spirochetes

_______ are spiral-shaped bacteria characterized by periplasmic flagella and display a worm-like mode of locomotion.

Spirochetes

MRSA is a drug-resistant strain of which of the following bacteria?

Staphylococcus aureus

Which is correct regarding the writing of an organism's name? Staphylococcus aureus staphylococcus Aureus Staphylococcus Aureus staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus

_____ is the science of organizing, classifying and naming living things.

Taxonomy

Which of the following are characteristics found among both eukaryotes and prokaryotes? -They have phospholipids in their cell membrane. -They may possess a cell wall. -They possess chromosomes. -They lack a nucleus enclosed in a nuclear membrane

They have phospholipids in their cell membrane. They may possess a cell wall. They possess chromosomes.

Which of the following are characteristics found among both eukaryotes and prokaryotes? They lack a nucleus enclosed in a nuclear membrane They may possess a cell wall. They possess chromosomes. They have phospholipids in their cell membrane.

They may possess a cell wall. They possess chromosomes. They have phospholipids in their cell membrane.

True or false: When writing a binomial name, the initial letter of the genus is capitalized and the species is in lower case.

True

fimbriae function

adhesion

The study of small, single-celled prokaryotic organisms is called

bacteriology

A _____ is a complex network of microbes and their secretions that form in most natural environments.

biofilm

Which of the following is considered to be the basic unit of life?

cell

Identify the two main components of the cell envelope in most bacteria. Biofilm Cell wall Cell membrane Glycocalyx Capsule

cell wall cell membrane

The transfer of DNA between bacterial cells is called ______

conjugation

_______ diphtheriae and ________ pyogenes are gram-positive bacteria that have toxic properties due to proteins on their cell walls.

corynebacterium ; streptococcus

The cell envelope encloses the ______

cytoplasm

Bacteria are able to attach to surfaces and other bacteria using the surface appendages known as ________ and ______ .

fimbriae ; pili

"Greenhouse ________" such as carbon dioxide and methane _____ , are produced by microbes.

gases; methane

Which term defines the organism in/on which smaller organisms (or viruses) live, feed, and reproduce? Host Pathogen Parasite Virus

host

A(n) ________ is a tentative explanation of an observation.

hypothesis

With _______ reasoning, one applies specific observations to develop a general explanation.

inductive

The unit of measurement for most bacterial cells is ______ and most viruses is ______

micrometers; nanometers

_____ is the study of fungi

mycology

Which of the following is not a characteristic shared by all cells? -Ribosomes -Organelles -Cell membrane -Chromosomes -Cytoplasm

organelles

A microbial pathogen is considered a(n)________ because it derives benefits from its host and harms its host in the process.

parasite

Which of the following derives benefits from its host and harms its host in the process. Microorganism Parasite Commensals Symbiont

parasite

Which of the following describes the movement towards or away from light?

phototaxis

Viral particles are usually _______ (larger/smaller) than prokaryotic cells.

smaller

Some strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are resistant to so many antibiotics that it has become known as a(n) "_______".

superbug

Which event helped establish the science of microbiology?

the development of the microscope

Phototaxis

the movement towards or away from a light stimulus

True or false: Microbes can be found in the Antarctic.

true

True or false: Microorganisms are found in all natural habitats, such as deep beneath the polar ice caps and hot springs, as well as, in most artificial habitats including toxic waste dumps.

true

_____ is the study of viruses.

virology

Prokaryotic cells evolved on Earth about how many years ago?

3.5 billion years ago

Which of the following bores through the stomach lining and causes gastric ulcers?

Helicobacter pylori

Which of the following bacteria use their flagella to invade mucus membranes and cause infections? Helicobacter pylori Bacillus anthracis Vibrio cholerae Streptococcus pneumoniae

Helicobacter pylori Vibrio cholerae

glycocalyx function

attachment only

A(n) ______ filament is a periplasmic flagellum found in some spirochete bacteria.

axial

Peptidoglycan is a component of the cell wall of which of the following organisms?

bacteria

Which of the following microorganisms represent prokaryotic cell types? Algae Bacteria Protists Viruses

bacteria

The two major types of prokaryotic cells are _______ and _________.

bacteria ; archaea

Bacterial appendages that provide attachment sites or channels are called ________ and __________.

fimbriae ; pili (aka fimbria ; pilus )

Appendages that propel bacterial cells through an aqueous environment include ________ and axial filaments.

flagella

Which appendage(s) provide motility? -Fimbriae -Flagellum -Glycocalyx -Axial filaments

flagellum axial filaments

Which type of organism can derive all of the nutrients and factors it requires from the environment in order to reproduce?

free-living organism

are heterotrophic unicellular or multicellular eukaryotic organisms including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms.

fungi

The five kingdoms of the Whittaker classification are: monera, _____, _______, _______, and .

fungi/ myceteae protists/ protista plants/plantae animals/animalia

The _______ is a polysaccharide protective coating outside of the bacterial cell wall that is called either a capsule or slime layer based on its structure.

glycocalyx

The cell envelope of gram-_________ bacteria is composed of an outer membrane, cell wall, and a cell membrane.

negative

The movement of an organism away from a chemical repellent is called _______ chemotaxis.

negative

A(n) _______ is the term used for any infectious agent that causes disease, such as parasites, bacteria, and viruses.

pathogen

Which of the following human diseases has almost been eradicated? Smallpox Cholera Malaria Polio

polio

Which type of cell does not contain organelles, such as mitochondria or a nucleus? Prokaryotic Plant Eukaryotic Human

prokaryotic

______are the group of single-celled eukaryotic organisms that lack a cell wall.

protozoa

Bacterial appendages can be divided into which two functional groups? Storage of nutrients Provide attachment sites or channels Provide motility Generation of energy

provide motility provide attachment sites or channels

____ _____ is a behavior of biofilms which occurs when individual species alter the expression of their genes to cooperate with other cells in the biofilm.

quorum sensing

______ DNA technology is used to switch genetic material from one organism to another in order to produce desirable proteins.

recombinant

Which of the following human diseases has been eradicated? Malaria Rubella Measles Smallpox Polio

smallpox

A _______ environment is free of actively growing cells, microorganisms, viruses or endospores.

sterile

What microbe is not cellular (acellular) and is composed of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat?

virus

Which are the most common microbes on earth? Bacteria Fungi Algae Viruses

viruses

Which of the following is not able to replicate on its own? Protozoa Archaea Viruses Helminths

viruses

Peptidoglycan in the cell _________ provides the structural support necessary to protect bacteria from lysis due to internal pressure.

wall