Connect homework
Prokaryotic organisms have been around for about how long?
3.5 billion years
Which is true regarding all bacterial cells? All are motile. All lack a nucleus. All contain a cell wall. All cause disease.
All lack a nucleus.
What is the glycocalyx?
An extracellular coating that provides protection to the cell
Who developed the first single-lens microscope?
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Twisting or flexing of spirochete bacteria is attributed to which of the following?
Axial filaments
All cells that are capable of replication and metabolism contain which of the following characteristics? -Cell membrane -Ribosomes -Cell walls -Flagella -Chromosomes -Organelles
Cell membrane Ribosomes Chromosomes
Which of the following prevents the rupture of bacterial cells by internal osmotic pressure?
Cell wall
Which of the following is the movement towards or away from a chemical stimulus?
Chemotaxis
Humans belong the the Phylum ______ and Class _____ .
Chordata; Mammalia
Elongated, rigid tubes on gram-negative bacteria that are involved in the transfer of DNA from one cell to another are called which of the following?
Conjugation pili
Which of the following diseases are spread by the Aedes mosquito? Dengue Zika Lyme disease Malaria Chikungunya
Dengue Zika Chikungunya
Which cell type is generally larger in size? Prokaryotic cells Archaeal cells Eukaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells
Chlamydia infections has been linked to which of the following conditions? Female infertility Lung cancer Liver cancer Kidney cancer
Female infertility
Which scientist discovered heat-resistant endospores?
Ferdinand Cohn
The major types of microorganisms or agents include which of the following?
Fungi Viruses Algae Bacteria Protozoa
What technology involves the deliberate modification of the genetic structure of an organism to create novel products? PCR DNA fingerprinting Organic agriculture Genetic engineering
Genetic engineering
Which of the following genera of microbes has been associated with gastric ulcers? Klebsiella Escherichia Staphylococcus Helicobacter
Helicobacter
Which group of microorganisms includes the parasitic worms?
Helminths
Microbiology involves the study of microscopic organisms or agents, including which of the following?
Helminths Viruses Bacteria Protozoa Fungi
Humans and apes belong to the Family _______
Hominoidea or Hominidae
Endotoxin is toxic to which of the following cells?
Human and other mammalian cells
It is observed that several family members have a blood condition called hemophilia. This may lead to the general idea that this condition is inheritable. This is an example of which of the following? Intuition Inductive reasoning Deductive reasoning Good guessing
Inductive reasoning
Which describes a good hypothesis? It must be developed from a scientific theory. It must be tested once to determine its complete validity. It must be true in all related situations. It must be able to be supported or rejected by experimentation.
It must be able to be supported or rejected by experimentation.
A prokaryotic microorganism in which of the following kingdoms using the Whittaker system of classification?
Kingdom Monera
The formal system of organizing, classifying, and naming living things was started by which scientists?
Linnaeus
Which of the following describes a cluster of flagella emerging from the same site?
Lophotrichous
Which of the following diseases have emerged due to human encroaching into new territory and wild habitats? Lyme disease Ebola fever Influenza Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome Cholera
Lyme disease Ebola fever Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
Which term describes the process of a cell breaking open or rupturing?
Lysis
Which of the following describes a single, polar flagellum? Peritrichous Monotrichous Amphitrichous Lophotrichous
Monotrichous
Which of the following bacteria could exhibit phototaxis?
Photosynthetic bacteria
Identify which of the following are external structures used primarily for direct contact interactions with other cells. Cilia Flagella Pili Fimbriae
Pili Fimbriae
Which type of microorganism lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and most membrane-bound organelles?
Prokaryotic
______ is the study of protozoa.
Protozoology
What structural difference is found in gram-positive cells but not in gram-negative cells?
Single cell membrane
Which structure is most closely associated with biofilm formation?
Slime layer
What is the name for corkscrew-shaped bacteria?
Spirochetes
_______ are spiral-shaped bacteria characterized by periplasmic flagella and display a worm-like mode of locomotion.
Spirochetes
MRSA is a drug-resistant strain of which of the following bacteria?
Staphylococcus aureus
Which is correct regarding the writing of an organism's name? Staphylococcus aureus staphylococcus Aureus Staphylococcus Aureus staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureus
_____ is the science of organizing, classifying and naming living things.
Taxonomy
Which of the following are characteristics found among both eukaryotes and prokaryotes? -They have phospholipids in their cell membrane. -They may possess a cell wall. -They possess chromosomes. -They lack a nucleus enclosed in a nuclear membrane
They have phospholipids in their cell membrane. They may possess a cell wall. They possess chromosomes.
Which of the following are characteristics found among both eukaryotes and prokaryotes? They lack a nucleus enclosed in a nuclear membrane They may possess a cell wall. They possess chromosomes. They have phospholipids in their cell membrane.
They may possess a cell wall. They possess chromosomes. They have phospholipids in their cell membrane.
True or false: When writing a binomial name, the initial letter of the genus is capitalized and the species is in lower case.
True
fimbriae function
adhesion
The study of small, single-celled prokaryotic organisms is called
bacteriology
A _____ is a complex network of microbes and their secretions that form in most natural environments.
biofilm
Which of the following is considered to be the basic unit of life?
cell
Identify the two main components of the cell envelope in most bacteria. Biofilm Cell wall Cell membrane Glycocalyx Capsule
cell wall cell membrane
The transfer of DNA between bacterial cells is called ______
conjugation
_______ diphtheriae and ________ pyogenes are gram-positive bacteria that have toxic properties due to proteins on their cell walls.
corynebacterium ; streptococcus
The cell envelope encloses the ______
cytoplasm
Bacteria are able to attach to surfaces and other bacteria using the surface appendages known as ________ and ______ .
fimbriae ; pili
"Greenhouse ________" such as carbon dioxide and methane _____ , are produced by microbes.
gases; methane
Which term defines the organism in/on which smaller organisms (or viruses) live, feed, and reproduce? Host Pathogen Parasite Virus
host
A(n) ________ is a tentative explanation of an observation.
hypothesis
With _______ reasoning, one applies specific observations to develop a general explanation.
inductive
The unit of measurement for most bacterial cells is ______ and most viruses is ______
micrometers; nanometers
_____ is the study of fungi
mycology
Which of the following is not a characteristic shared by all cells? -Ribosomes -Organelles -Cell membrane -Chromosomes -Cytoplasm
organelles
A microbial pathogen is considered a(n)________ because it derives benefits from its host and harms its host in the process.
parasite
Which of the following derives benefits from its host and harms its host in the process. Microorganism Parasite Commensals Symbiont
parasite
Which of the following describes the movement towards or away from light?
phototaxis
Viral particles are usually _______ (larger/smaller) than prokaryotic cells.
smaller
Some strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are resistant to so many antibiotics that it has become known as a(n) "_______".
superbug
Which event helped establish the science of microbiology?
the development of the microscope
Phototaxis
the movement towards or away from a light stimulus
True or false: Microbes can be found in the Antarctic.
true
True or false: Microorganisms are found in all natural habitats, such as deep beneath the polar ice caps and hot springs, as well as, in most artificial habitats including toxic waste dumps.
true
_____ is the study of viruses.
virology
Prokaryotic cells evolved on Earth about how many years ago?
3.5 billion years ago
Which of the following bores through the stomach lining and causes gastric ulcers?
Helicobacter pylori
Which of the following bacteria use their flagella to invade mucus membranes and cause infections? Helicobacter pylori Bacillus anthracis Vibrio cholerae Streptococcus pneumoniae
Helicobacter pylori Vibrio cholerae
glycocalyx function
attachment only
A(n) ______ filament is a periplasmic flagellum found in some spirochete bacteria.
axial
Peptidoglycan is a component of the cell wall of which of the following organisms?
bacteria
Which of the following microorganisms represent prokaryotic cell types? Algae Bacteria Protists Viruses
bacteria
The two major types of prokaryotic cells are _______ and _________.
bacteria ; archaea
Bacterial appendages that provide attachment sites or channels are called ________ and __________.
fimbriae ; pili (aka fimbria ; pilus )
Appendages that propel bacterial cells through an aqueous environment include ________ and axial filaments.
flagella
Which appendage(s) provide motility? -Fimbriae -Flagellum -Glycocalyx -Axial filaments
flagellum axial filaments
Which type of organism can derive all of the nutrients and factors it requires from the environment in order to reproduce?
free-living organism
are heterotrophic unicellular or multicellular eukaryotic organisms including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms.
fungi
The five kingdoms of the Whittaker classification are: monera, _____, _______, _______, and .
fungi/ myceteae protists/ protista plants/plantae animals/animalia
The _______ is a polysaccharide protective coating outside of the bacterial cell wall that is called either a capsule or slime layer based on its structure.
glycocalyx
The cell envelope of gram-_________ bacteria is composed of an outer membrane, cell wall, and a cell membrane.
negative
The movement of an organism away from a chemical repellent is called _______ chemotaxis.
negative
A(n) _______ is the term used for any infectious agent that causes disease, such as parasites, bacteria, and viruses.
pathogen
Which of the following human diseases has almost been eradicated? Smallpox Cholera Malaria Polio
polio
Which type of cell does not contain organelles, such as mitochondria or a nucleus? Prokaryotic Plant Eukaryotic Human
prokaryotic
______are the group of single-celled eukaryotic organisms that lack a cell wall.
protozoa
Bacterial appendages can be divided into which two functional groups? Storage of nutrients Provide attachment sites or channels Provide motility Generation of energy
provide motility provide attachment sites or channels
____ _____ is a behavior of biofilms which occurs when individual species alter the expression of their genes to cooperate with other cells in the biofilm.
quorum sensing
______ DNA technology is used to switch genetic material from one organism to another in order to produce desirable proteins.
recombinant
Which of the following human diseases has been eradicated? Malaria Rubella Measles Smallpox Polio
smallpox
A _______ environment is free of actively growing cells, microorganisms, viruses or endospores.
sterile
What microbe is not cellular (acellular) and is composed of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat?
virus
Which are the most common microbes on earth? Bacteria Fungi Algae Viruses
viruses
Which of the following is not able to replicate on its own? Protozoa Archaea Viruses Helminths
viruses
Peptidoglycan in the cell _________ provides the structural support necessary to protect bacteria from lysis due to internal pressure.
wall