rRT-qPCR Quiz

Describe the genetic material of SARS-CoV-2. a.) ds DNA b.) +ve sense ssRNA c.) ss DNA d.) -ve sense ssRNA

+ve sense ssRNA

What is the incubation period for COVID-19? a.) 5 days b.) 5-15 days c.) 10 days d.) 2-14 days

2-14 days

What are the basic steps that you can take to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus? a.) Keep your distance b.) All of these c.) Don't touch d.) Cover a cough or sneeze e.) Wash your hands

All of these

What is the purpose of adding fluorescent probes to the reaction? a.) Label the target cDNA b.) For easy and fast detection of amplified products c.) Monitor the progress of amplification products d.) All of these

All of these

What is the starting sample used for the testing the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus? a.) All of these b.) Serum c.) Plasma d.) Throat swabs

All of these

What does 'real time' mean in rRT-PCR? a.) We can monitor the progress of a PCR while its running b.) A relatively small amount of PCR product can be quantified c.) All of these choices d.) It can be used to screen for results in Real-Time

All of these choices

What do we use to analyze the results obtained from qRT-PCR? a.) Melting curve b.) Amplification plot and Ct values c.) Agarose gel electrophoresis d.) Poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis

Amplification plot and Ct values

Apart from detecting the existence of virus RNA, what other molecules can be detected to screen for SARS-CoV-2 virus? a.) Viral antigens b.) None of these c.) Both Antibodies against the virus and Viral antigens d.) Antibodies against the virus

Antibodies against the virus

What are the spike proteins on the virus particle used for? a.) For invading the immune system of the target cell b.) Attachment and entry into the target cell c.) For protein translation d.) For viral replication

Attachment and entry into the target cell

How is SARS-CoV-2 virus transmitted? a.) Both Coming in contact with infected Droplets and If someone infected sneezes or coughs on you b.) If someone infected sneezes or coughs on you c.) Coming in contact with infected Droplets d.) Food

Both Coming in contact with infected Droplets and If someone infected sneezes or coughs on you

Why do we use positive control in the reaction? a.) To test the efficiency of the PCR b.) To use it as a benchmark result for the unknown/test sample c.) Both To use it as a benchmark result for the unknown/test sample and To test the efficiency of the PCR d.) To test for viral DNA

Both To use it as a benchmark result for the unknown/test sample and To test the efficiency of the PCR

What are the two types of primer needed for this experiment? a.) Both reverse transcription primers and PCR primers b.) Tubulin primers c.) PCR primers d.) Reverse Transcription primers

Both reverse transcription primers and PCR primers

How is cDNA produced? a.) By reverse transcription of cellular RNA using reverse transcriptase enzyme b.) By transcription of cell DNA c.) By translation of viral proteins d.) By reverse transcription of viral RNA using reverse transcriptase enzyme

By reverse transcription of viral RNA using reverse transcriptase enzyme

Looking at the rRT-PCR data, how do we determine if an individual is infected or not? a.) Run a gel and look at the presence of DNA bands b.) Compare the Ct value with the negative control c.) None of these d.) Compare the Ct value with the positive control

Compare the Ct value with the positive control

The number of cycle required for the fluorescent signal to cross the threshold of detection is defined as the _______ _______ value. a.) Florescent value (Ft) b.) Delta CT value c.) Cycle threshold value (Ct) d.) R2 Value

Cycle threshold value (Ct)

Fluorescent signals from the reporter dye are _____ proportional to the number of amplicons that are generated. a.) Directly proportional b.) Cross-wise proportional c.) Indirectly proportional d.) Inversely proportional

Directly proportional

The purpose of Reverse Transcription primer is to amplify the RNA. a.) True b.) False

False

Coronavirus is a zoonotic disease: what does that mean? a.) None of these b.) It can be transmitted between animals and humans c.) It can only be transmitted between animals d.) It can only be transmitted between humans

It can be transmitted between animals and humans

What is meant by the "pandemic spread" of SARS-CoV-2? a.) It spreads only in one country b.) It spreads world-wide c.) It spread through the ocean d.) It spreads only in a certain area

It spreads world-wide

What enzyme is used to amplify the cDNA? a.) RNA dependent RNA polymerase b.) RNA polymerase c.) DNA polymerase d.) Reverse Transcriptase

Reverse Transcriptase

What enzyme is used to reverse transcribe RNA to DNA? a.) DNA polymerase b.) Reverse Transcriptase c.) RNA dependent RNA polymerase d.) RNA polymerase

Reverse Transcriptase

What step/s does rRT-PCR have in common with regular PCR? a.) Annealing b.) Denaturation, Reverse Transcriptase c.) Denaturation, Annealing, Elongation d.) Reverse transcription, Annealing

Reverse transcription, Annealing

Other known coronaviruses that have caused similar outbreaks. a.) Alphacoronavirus b.) SARS c.) MERS d.) Both SARS and MERS

SARS

Which of the following is a benefit of using real-time PCR instead of traditional PCR? a.) The use of agarose gels may take days to obtain which is faster than real-time PCR b.) There is no benefit because the se of agarose gels is more advanced than real-time PCR c.) The use of agarose gels produces better results with greater precision, better resolution, and high sensitivity from performing post PCR processing d.) The ability to measure the kinetics of the reaction during the early phases of PCR provides a distinct advantage over traditional PCR detection

The ability to measure the kinetics of the reaction during the early phases of PCR provides a distinct advantage over traditional PCR detection

Why must we practice social distancing during the outbreak of COVID-2019? a.) To help reduce socializing with people b.) To help the virus spread c.) To help prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus d.) None of these

To help prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus

Which of the following is not a component of rRT-PCR? a.) Primers b.) Reaction Buffer c.) DNA probe d.) Reverse transcriptase e.) virus particle

virus particle