SA reading assignment 5.2
Nelson Mandela
- 1918-2013 - First black president (1994-1999) in SA - He released in 1990 and played a dominant role in the negotiations for a democratic state. - helped bring an end to apartheid and has been a global advocate for human rights. - A member of the African National Congress party beginning in the 1940s, he was a leader of both peaceful protests and armed resistance against the white minority's oppressive regime in a racially divided South Africa. - promoting for national reconciliation. - In 1993 the prize was awarded jointly to Nelson Mandela and F.W. De Klerk for their work in transitioning South Africa out of apartheid.
Jonathan Shapiro (Zapiro)
- Jonathan Shapiro is regarded as South Africa's most talented political cartoonist. - Active member of United Democratic and the End Conscription Campaign and was detained by the police for his criticism of the government during the 1980s
Thabo Mbeki
- Thabo Mbeki is a South African politician best known as the two-term president of South Africa after Nelson Mandela. - Representative of ANC in the Government of National Unity.
Sharpeville
- The Sharpeville massacre was an event which occurred on 21 March 1960 - A total of 67 people were killed and over a hundred injured. - After Sharpeville, the government banned the ANC and used increasing force to crush resistance. - After a day of demonstrations against pass laws, about 5,000 to 7,000 black protesters went to the police station. The South African Police opened fire on the crowd, killing 69 people. - It was at this stage that Nelson Mandela and other MK leaders were arrested
F. W. de Klerk
- The leader of the National Party from 1989 and president of South Africa from 1989 to 1994 - The last white president of South Africa. - released ANC party which includes Nelson Mandela in 1990. - Those white voters concerned about the repeal of several key apartheid laws during 1991. - De Klerk decided to meet this challenge by holding a referendum among white voters to gauge support. The result was a triumph for him, with 69% of the white electorate voting in favor of continuing the reform process. - In 1993 the prize was awarded jointly to Nelson Mandela and F.W. De Klerk for their work in transitioning South Africa out of apartheid.
Richard Goldstone
- a South African former judge - Legal Expert who chaired the commission investigating the activities of a "Third Force" - was a constitutional court judge - served as chief prosecutor at the UN International Criminal Tribunal investigating war crimes in the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda - He wrote the Goldstone Report. That report later confirmed suspicions about the involvement of the police and the existence of a sinister "Third Force" of security personnel who were trying to sabotage the negotiations.
Freedom Charter
- a statement of democratic principles that became the basis of ANC policies. - It was drawn up in 1955 at a protest meeting of opposition groups, called the "Congress of the People" - saved non-white people in South Africa from unequal.
Desmond Tutu
- is a South African social rights activist and retired Anglican bishop who rose to worldwide fame during the 1980s as an opponent of apartheid. - Became Archbishop of Cape Town in 1985, but retired from this position in 1996 to chair of the TRC. - was awarded the 1984 Nobel Peave Prize
Tripartite Alliance
- tripartite: having three parts or parties - ANC (African National Congress) ; SACP(South Africa Communist Party) ; COSATU(Congress of South African Trade Unions) - the biggest trade union federation. - tension over the direction of economy - The Alliance was forged in 1990 after the movements opposed to white minority rule by the apartheid government.