SBUS250 Final
Title XI started in
1972
1979
ESPN
societal analysis
applies social theories
Anabolic steroids and stimulants are types of ________.
doping
1920's
radio, live coverage
work
- Work is the physical or mental effort needed to perform a task - It is often connected to earning a living - Professional athletes work when they are paid to play sport -High performance athletes may experience sport as work even if they are not paid
1st wave: 1900-1945
-International recognition-Historical influences: Nationalism,Imperialism, World Wars-Significant athletes: Joe Lewis, Jesse Owens
sports
-Physical activity and skill -Competition-outcome important and not predetermined -Institutionalization -Specialized facilities and equipment
play
-Physical activity of childhood -Free activity to explore environment, express oneself, dream, and pretend - No firm rules or set location - Outcome unimportant - Pleasure as the only objective
4th wave: 2011-now
-Social media, seeking for power and using power-Significant athletes: Colin Kaepernick, LeBron James
games
-Specialized form of play with more structure - Mental or physical form (inactive or active) - Informal or formal rules - Competition - Outcome can be determined by luck, strategy, skill
no significant wave 1980-2010
- End of Cold War, Capitalism, "Post Racial America"- Significant athletes: Michael Jordan, Charles Barkley
2nd wave: 1946-1960s
- Historical influences: Decolonization- Access to American mainstream- Significant athletes: Jackie Robinson- Institutions became less segregated
The 2019 World Cup Final was the ___ most watched TV program in the USA
100
The United States led 60 countries to boycott the __________.
1980 Olympic Games in Moscow
According to the article by Hallman and Giel (2018), eSports is expected to be a medal event in the __________.
2022 Asian Games
USWNT
26th most watched event, highest watched soccer game,
Jackie Robinson is one of the most significant athletes in the ______ wave of black athlete's activism, as through this wave focused on acquiring political access and positional diversity.
2nd
FCS offers ___ scholarships for football players
63
FBS offers ___ scholarships for football players
85
Almost all major Division I sports events were postponed after _________.
9/11
criminal violence
Actions that not only violate the rules of the game, but are outside the law.
framing
Active process of selection of topics by the media, effect on the understanding by the consumers perceived reality, dealt with interpretation, deals with the issues
According to Woods (2016), many _____________ athletes come to the United States already highly educated and established in the middle or upper class.
Asian Americans
The first modern Olympic Games took place in _______.
Athens
The first live broadcasting of the Olympic Games took place in ______.
Berlin 1936
Functionalist theory
Change is gradual -Sports reinforce societies value system -Sports maintains societal status quo by building character value
Qualitative research
Collects information through interviews or observation of individuals, groups, societal characteristics, and trends
Quantifiable research
Collects or studies data that can be counted and analyzed statistically
Accommodation of Interest test
Does the school accommodate the interest of female student athletes?
Continued improvement test
Does the school show a history of progress?
T or F: All NCAA Division I conferences suspended their season at the same time.
FALSE
T or F: During World War II, US President demanded the MLB to stop playing.
FALSE
T or F:During World War II, US President demanded the MLB to stop playing.
FALSE
T or F; After JFK was assassinated the NFL postponed the rest of the season.
FALSE
T or F: Both the NBA and European soccer leagues follow the same league structures having relegations and promotions.
False
T or F: The ancient Olympic Truce was respected in modernity, as no act of war, terror or violence against athletes occurred during Olympic Games held in the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries.
False
According to the chapter by Frevel et al. (2020) "Taxonomy of Sportstech", fantasy sports falls under the category of _______________.
Fans and content
gratification theory
Focus on the media user, motives, media consumption, groups and individuals, why users choose certain media platforms
Interactionist theory
Focuses on social interactions and relationships (bottom-up approach). -Assumes choices are deliberate, conscious and based on their effect on self and others. -Focuses on the individual instead of
Most NCAA schools with big football programs are part of ____.
Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS)
Which of the following is not true about Muhammad Ali?
He competed in the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin
What was the significance of Dr. Ludwig Guttmann?
He treated injured war veterans through athletic competitions which started the Paralympic Movement
3rd wave: 1960s-1970s
Historical influences: Civil rights movement, Black Power- Muhammad Ali, Bill Russell, Kareem Abdul Jabber, Tommie Smith, John Carlos
Which of the following is not true?
In the United States, no federal or state funds are used for sports for development programs for children and youth.
ich of the following is not true?
In the United States, no federal or state funds are used for sports for development programs for children and youth.
According to Woods (2016), Hispanic or Latino athletes are over-represented (their percentage in the sport is higher than their percentage in the population) in ______________.
MLB
According to Woods (2016), African-American athletes are under-represented (their percentage in the sport is lower than their percentage in the population) in ______________.
MLS
Which of the following is an example of technological change?
Manufacturing an improved tennis racket that enables more accuracy
Larry Nassar sexually abused athletes while treating athletes as part of which of the following organizations?
Michigan State University, USA Gymnastics, and the US Olympic Committee ( all three organizations )
Who were the leading athletes of the third wave of athletes' activism?
Muhammad and Kareem Abdul-Jabber
Title XI
No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance
social identity
People group to make sense of the social world, similar categories within the group
surgery research
Pros: quickly collects much data for trend analysis, random sampling permits generalization to larger populationCons: relies on self-reports, may not account for personal differences, may mislead if data are not discreet enough.
long term implications of title XI
Social change, health, professional women's leagues, developing successful athletes
feminist theory
Society is patriarchal and ignores or undervalues female virtues -Analyzes the status of women in sport
Muslim
Some _______ female athlete wear a hijab while competing for religious and modesty purposes.
_______ are an international multi-sports competition for athletes with mental disabilities.
Special Olympics
critical theory
Studies the power or authority that a group wields over others (hegemony) -Sport does not simply micro society but can change beliefs and relationships -Weaknesses: can be confusing
true
T or F: Every female sports team loses money.
true
T or F: The NFL divides most of its revenues evenly through all the teams in the league.
T or F:Participation athletes spend less time than high-level athletes in practicing and training for competitions.
TRUE
Which of the following terror attack had the most immediate impact on social media?
The Boston marathon bombing
Zeus
The ancient competitions in Olympia, were founded as a festival to honor _______.
Which of the following is not true about the North American sports system?
The bottom teams in the leagues are relegated to a lower division at the end of the season
Which of the following is true about mens sports in the Division 1 FBS colleges in the NCAA?
The only college sports that generate net profits are college football and college basketball
Greece
The origins of much of the concepts that construct modern sports, such as stadium and gymnasium originated in ________.
violence
The use of excessive physical force, which causes or has obvious potential to cause harm or destruction
One of the most recognized protests took place during the 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City, Mexico when____ raised their firsts on the podium protesting racial injustice in America.
Tommie Smith and John Carlos
T or F: Participation athletes spend less time than high-level athletes in practicing and training for competitions.
True
T or F: The Americans with Disabilities Act is a law signed by President George H. Bush in the early 1990s and addresses discrimination against people with disabilities.
True
T or F: The games in Olympia were banned by the Roman emperor Theodosius because pagan worship contradicts Christianity.
True
T or F: While in the second half of the 20th Century Olympic Games and Paralympic Games sometimes took place in different cities or countries, in the 21st Century every bid includes hosting both the Olympic and Paralympic Games.
True
T or F:In 1964 South Africa was banned from the Olympic Games due to its racist apartheid regime.
True
aggresion
Verbal or physical actions grounded in an intent to dominate, control or do harm to another person
The governing body that is responsible for the detection and prevention of doping in sports is ________.
WADA
East Germany
Which of the following countries used a government-led systematic doping system to improve athletes' performance, and risked athletes' safety during the 1970s?
intimidation
Words, gestures, and actions that threaten violence or aggression
Soccer
________ is the most popular sports worldwide.
underconformity
a rejection of norms or ignorance about their existence, can lead to anarchy.
Quasi-criminal violence
actions that violate the formal rules of the game, public laws, and even informal norms among players
According to the _________________ theory, the media have power in their ability to shape the discussion of public events.
agenda setting
According to the ______ "the media do not tell people what to think, they tell people what to think about".
agenda setting theory
In the NCAA, Division 1-FBS, which of the following women sports generates net profits (revenues are higher than expenses)?
all women's sports are losing money in college sports.
________ is exhibited by people who starve themselves in order to achieve what they perceive as an ideal body weight.
anorexia
In athletes-organized sports the physical activities ____________.
are less structured than in adult-organized sports.
Substantial Proportionality test
are participant numbers proportional to the number of the student body enrollment?
interviews
asking individuals or small groups, very in depth but time consuming
FBS
athletic departments that have large investments in football
Master athletes are usually __________.
between the ages of 35 and 90.
content analysis
collecting info or pics from the media and assigning themes
Ex: not paying college football players
conflict theory
EX: coaches may think athletes must play certain positions based on their race.
critical theory
conflict theory
economic interests shape the world and sport -Focuses on forces that produce instability, disruption, and disorganization. Weakness: relies heavily on economics
Figurational Theory
emphasis peoples connections and interdependence - Examines historical changes of networks of people over time -Weaknesses: Reduces the urgency for change
historical analysis
examining primary documents, interviewing primary sources and experts, and analyzing historians' interpretationsPros: Examines sport trends over time; canmake comparisons with society at largeCon: Addresses only large societal trends
T or F: According to Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development people in the highest stage of moral reasoning see the law and order as the most important social conventions.
false
T or F: According to Woods (2016), play and games differ, but every sport is also considered work.
false
T or F: Aggression is an emotion
false
T or F: All forms of violence in sports are against the rules and illegal.
false
T or F: Most DIII schools are big public universities.
false
T or F: The final stage of a marketing process is a SWOT analysis.
false
T or F: The social class and socio-economic status does not have an impact on sports participation and choices of sports.
false
EX: Media focus on male sport can teach society to undervalue female sport.
feminist theory
If you wanted to write a paper based on research indicating that males receive 90 percent of the sport media's attention, which theory would make the most sense for you to use?
feminist theory
Example; Analyzes athletes of different ages view sport involvement
firgurational theory
what are the two sports that generate money in college
football, basketball
Back athletes feeling that historically they have been portrayed by the media as physically talented while their white teammates are portrayed as smart and strategic____theory
framing theory explained
EX; Little league baseball teaches teamwork and fair play
functionalist theory
Which theory would agree that sport reinforces society's value system?
functionalist theory
conventional 9-20
good girl/boy, law and order
cultivation theory
impact of a repeating message on the consumer reality perception and beliefs
agenda setting deals with what is ____ while framing deals with the ____
important, issues
EX: consider needs of youth athletes in defining youth sport structure.
interactionist theory
1990's
internet, always available
_______ was a Native American athlete and one of the most important athletes in the first part of the 20th century, winning Olympic gold medals, playing baseball and being the first president of the league that will become the NFL.
jim Thorpe
best athlete of the 20th century
jim Thorpe
NCAAD3
most members, mostly private universities, no scholarships
Lacrosse is a sport that was created by
native Americans
sports in the 19th century
newspapers, print press, sports coverage
ethnography
note obtained by personal observation and immersion in an environment or group, provides an insider view, but can be costly and time intensive
NCAA D1
offers most scholarships
weakness of functionalist theory
overemphasizes positive consequences of sport and downplays disenfranchised populations
sports marketing process
planning: mission and vision, swot analysis implementation: STP, marketing mix evaluation: tracking, evaluating, and modifying
According to Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development of youth athletes differentiating between right and wrong based on punishment or reward are in the ____________.
preconventional level
Which of the following components is not a required characteristic of sport?
professionalization
preconventional 0-9
punishment and obedience, pleasure or pain
in 2006 NCAA issued a policy against
racial mascots
Self-categorization theory
see themselves as an individual and part of a group, being apart of group is important, shared beliefs
A researcher analyzing out individual and collective behaviors as Ducks fans, will be using___
self-categorization and social identity theories
postconventional 20+
social contract, principled conscience
21st century
social media and streaming, direct interactions with athletes
"Sport as an Opiate of the Masses" refers to ________.
sports as a tool of keeping people from worrying about things that matter to their lives
billie jean king
tennis player
agenda setting
the media does not tell people what to think, but what to think about. lippman's public opinion 1922- mass media connected events to images in peoples minds. The media tells you what to think about; what is important at this time.
The 1920s and the 1930s were the golden age of ______.
the radio
T or F: A social class is a defined category of people who share a similar position in society based on their socioeconomic level.
true
T or F: According to the chapter by Frevel et al. (2020) "Taxonomy of Sportstech", the SportsTech Matrix consists of two angels, a user angle and a tech angle.
true
T or F: Girls and women comprise nearly 40% ofinterscholastic and intercollegiate sportparticipation
true
T or F: Girls participation in high school sports has grown from 294,105 in 1971 to 3,172,637 in 2009.
true
T or F: If you wished to analyze a situation based on economic power imbalances, you could use a conflict perspective.
true
T or F: The first to file an official complaint to the police against Larry Nassar was Rachel Denhollander, a former amateur gymnast from Kentucky and a lawyer.
true
T or F: female participation in college sports has grownfrom 30,000 in 1977 to more than 180,000 in2010.
true
T or F: higher number of women than men won for America in Rio/ London olympics
true
t or f: According to the chapter by Frevel et al. (2020) "Taxonomy of Sportstech", the SportsTech Matrix consists of two angels, a user angle and a tech angle
true
1950's
tv coverage, visual coverage, tv rights
overconformity
uncritical acceptance of norms and a failure to recognize any limits following the norms, can lead to fascism
NCAA DII
very few scholarships
Teaching children sound fundamentals and basic strategy is part of the requirements of a good coach in ___.
youth sport
