SBVC Bio 251 Lymphatic System Test
d
1) A lymph capillary is indicated by ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E
e
1) Lymph is largely composed of water that has escaped from ________. A) cytosol B) cerebrospinal fluid C) saliva D) tears E) blood
c
10) The lymph tissues found within the walls of the small intestine are called ________. A) tonsils B) appendix C) Peyer's patches D) thymus tissues E) intestinal nodes
c
10) The lymphoid organ that destroys worn-out blood cells is indicated by ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D
a
11) The lymphoid tissues that trap and remove bacteria that enter the throat are indicated by ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D
b
11) Where is the thymus located? A) pharynx B) beneath sternum overlying heart C) armpits, groin, and neck D) small intestine E) left side of abdominopelvic cavity
b
12) Lymph fluid and some plasma proteins originate (escape) from the ________. A) intracellular fluid B) blood vascular system C) endocrine system D) respiratory system
d
12) Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) includes the ________. A) spleen B) thymus C) tonsils only D) tonsils, the appendix, and Peyer's patches E) tonsils and spleen
c
13) Excess accumulation of fluid, which impairs the exchange of materials within the tissues, is called ________. A) stroke B) shock C) edema d) MALT (mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue)
c
13) The body's first line of defense against the invasion of disease-causing microorganisms is ________. A) phagocytes B) natural killer cells C) skin and mucous membranes D) inflammatory response E) fever
d
14) The ________ duct drains lymph from the right arm and the right side of the head and thorax. A) brachiocephalic B) subclavian C) thoracic D) right lymphatic
b
14) The adaptive (specific) defense system ________. A) is an innate defense B) issues an attack specific to particular foreign substances C) includes the skin and mucous membranes D) is the body's first line of defense against invading pathogens E) provides mechanical barriers to the body
a
15) Bacteria and tumor cells are removed from lymph by ________. A) lymph nodes B) tonsils C) the spleen D) thymus
b
15) Which one of the following is NOT one of the nonspecific body defenses? A) intact skin B) antibody production C) the inflammatory response D) fever E) natural killer cells
c
16) The process by which neutrophils are squeezed through the capillary walls during the inflammatory process is called ________. A) agglutination B) chemotaxis C) diapedesis D) coagulation E) antibody production
c
16) The role of the ________ is to trap and remove bacteria or other foreign pathogens entering the throat. A) thymus B) spleen C) tonsils D) lymph node
b
17) Peyer's patches and the tonsils are part of the collection of small lymphoid tissues that protect the upper respiratory and digestive tracts from infection and are referred to as ________. A) lymph nodes B) MALT or mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue C) germinal centers D) lymphatics
d
17) Which of the following is NOT one of the four most common indicators of the inflammatory response? A) redness B) heat C) swelling D) chills E) pain
b
18) Chemotaxis is best described as ________. A) the movement of neutrophils through capillary walls B) the movement of cells along a chemical gradient C) the dilation of blood vessels D) the release of a lytic chemical by perforins E) the accumulation of excess fluids in tissue space
c
18) Harmful or disease-causing microorganisms from which nonspecific defenses protect the body are called ________. A) macrophages B) antibodies C) pathogens D) allergens
d
19) Redness, heat, swelling, and pain are the four most common indicators of ________. A) fever B) dehydration C) edema D) acute inflammation
c
19) The inflammatory process begins with release of chemicals, which do all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) dilate blood vessels B) attract phagocytes to the area C) stimulate release of lysozyme D) cause capillaries to become leaky E) activate pain receptors
b
2) A lymph node is indicated by ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E
a
2) The right lymphatic duct collects lymph from the ________. A) right arm B) right leg C) left leg D) left side of the head E) right and left legs
b
20) Membrane attack complexes (MAC) form holes in attacked cells causing them to burst; this is a result of ________. A) interferon B) complement fixation C) natural killer cells D) keratin E) phagocytes
a
20) The third line of defense involves the adaptive response mediated by ________. A) lymphocytes B) antigens C) mucous membranes D) pathogens
b
21) The binding of complement proteins to certain sugar or proteins on a foreign cell's surface is called ________. A) cellular immunity (cellular-mediated immunity) B) complement fixation C) positive chemotaxis D) diapedesis
a
21) What does fever accomplish? A) Fever inhibits bacteria reproduction and speeds the repair process. B) Fever promotes cell lysis by direct cell attack. C) Fever enables macrophages to attack microorganisms. D) Fever prevents the spread of pathogens to adjacent tissues. E) Fever prevents the formation of complement fixation.
c
22) Small proteins known as ________ are secreted by virus-infected cells to help defend cells that have not yet been infected. A) haptens B) pyrogens C) interferons D) antigens
c
22) What inhibits viruses from entering and attacking healthy cells? A) membrane-attack complexes (MAC) B) keratin C) interferons D) pyrogens E) complement
c
23) A(n) ________ is any substance capable of mobilizing our immune system and provoking an immune response. A) interferon B) antibody C) antigen D) pyrogen
d
23) The study of immunity is called ________. A) histology B) anatomy C) pathology D) immunology E) microbiology
a
24) Troublesome small molecules or incomplete antigens that may mount an attack that is harmful rather than protective are called ________. A) haptens B) antibodies C) pyrogens D) interferons
c
24) Which of the following substances is NOT likely to trigger the immune response? A) pollen grains B) bacteria C) self-antigens D) fungi E) virus particles
d
25) Humoral immunity is provided by ________. A) pyrogens B) skin and mucous membranes C) interferon D) antibodies E) complement fixation
d
25) T cells or B cells that are capable of responding to a specific antigen by binding to it with antigen-specific receptors that appear on the lymphocyte's surface are considered ________. A) clones B) complement C) self-tolerant D) immunocompetent
d
26) Regardless of whether it matures into a B cell or a T cell, a lymphocyte that is capable of responding to a specific antigen by binding to it is said to be ________. A) clonal B) incompetent C) immune D) immunocompetent E) complemented
b
26) The major role of ________ cells is to engulf antigens and present pieces of them to the cells that will deal with those fragments. A) helper T B) antigen-presenting C) cytotoxic T D) killer
a
27) Active immunity to tetanus, whooping cough, and polio can be artificially acquired when we receive ________. A) vaccines B) serum C) antivenom D) antitoxin
True
Injured cells release chemicals such as histamine and kinins that dilate vessels, attract phagocytes and activate pain receptors.
True
Like all blood cells, lymphocytes originate from hemocytoblasts contained within red bone marrow.
False
The antibody a mother passes to her fetus is IgM.
False
The constant region of the antibody joins heavy and light chains to form an antigen-binding site specifically made to fit an antigen.
False
The final disposal of cell debris as inflammation subsides is performed by neutrophils
True
The innate (nonspecific) defense system and adaptive (specific) defense system make up the immune system
False
The lymph nodes filter bacteria, viruses, and tumor cells from blood on its way back to the heart.
False
The most important function of the thymus gland is to destroy worn-out red blood cells and return some of the products to the liver.
True
The nonspecific defense by which complement proteins attach to sugars or proteins on the surface of foreign cells is called complement fixation.
True
The process that occurs when antibodies clump foreign cells is called agglutination.
True
The role of the spleen in the lymphatic system is to provide a site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance.
False
Xenografts are ideal donor organs or tissues since they rarely cause rejection.
b
27) The specific foreign substances that an individual's immune system has the ability to recognize and resist are determined by ________. A) individual exposure to the specific foreign substance B) individual genetic makeup C) the total number of lymphocytes present at a given time D) the total number of macrophages at a given time E) the total number of self-antigens at a given time
d
28) Antibodies provided by serum from an immune donor or an animal donor do not challenge the B cells and thus provide ________. A) cellular or cell-mediated immunity B) active immunity C) natural immunity D) passive immunity
c
28) Lymphocytes are trained to be self-tolerant of ________. A) fungi B) foreign blood cells C) the body's own cells D) viruses E) bacteria
b
29) B cells develop immunocompetence in the ________. A) thymus gland B) bone marrow C) spleen D) thyroid gland E) lymph nodes
b
29) The region of the antibody that varies from antibody to antibody is called the ________ region. A) regional or R B) variable or V C) constant or C D) stable or S
b
3) Lymph from the left arm returns to the heart through the ________. A) inferior vena cava B) left subclavian vein C) left external jugular vein D) left subclavian artery E) aorta
a
3) The lymph duct is indicated by ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E
c
30) Antigen-presenting cells behave as ________. A) interferons B) pyrogens C) macrophages D) natural killer cells E) complement
c
30) Large antigen-antibody complexes can become insoluble and settle out of solution, a reaction called ________. A) neutralization B) complement fixation C) precipitation D) agglutination
d
31) How do plasma cells assist with humoral immunity? A) Plasma cells reproduce rapidly to crowd pathogens out of the blood. B) Plasma cells bind to viruses and bacteria to immobilize them. C) Plasma cells produce interferons. D) Plasma cells secrete highly-specific antibodies. E) Plasma cells secrete pyrogens.
a
31) Killer T cells, which kill virus-invaded body cells, are also called ________. A) cytotoxic T cells B) regulatory T cells C) antigen-presenting cells D) helper T cells
a
32) Tissue grafts harvested from a different animal species are known as ________. A) xenografts B) autografts C) allografts D) isografts
d
32) Vaccines are NOT for ________. A) pneumonia B) tetanus C) measles D) snake bites E) polio
a
33) Due to a recent respiratory illness from a viral infection , Jennifer has now developed ________. A) naturally acquired active immunity B) artificially acquired active immunity C) naturally acquired passive immunity D) artificially acquired passive immunity E) passively acquired natural immunity
c
33) Systemic (body-wide) acute allergic response caused by allergens that directly enter the blood, as with certain bee stings or spider bites, is called ________. A) myasthenia gravis B) rheumatic fever C) anaphylactic shock D) delayed hypersensitivity
d
34) AIDS cripples the immune system by interfering with the activity of cells called ________. A) antigen-presenting cells B) plasma cells C) memory cells D) helper T cells
c
34) Which portion of the antibody's structure determines the antibody's class? A) variable region B) heavy chain C) constant region D) disulfide bonds E) light chain
b
35) A tropical disease that results when parasitic worms clog the lymphatic vessels is called ________. A) glomerulonephritis B) elephantiasis C) appendicitis D) allergic contact dermatitis
d
35) Which one of the following is NOT true of the constant (C) regions of antibodies? A) The constant regions are the same or nearly the same on all antibodies. B) The constant regions form the "stem" of an antibody. C) The constant regions determine the specific type of antibody class formed. D) The constant regions form an antigen-binding site. E) The constant regions determine how an antibody class will carry out its immune role.
b
36) Which one of the following is NOT one of the antibody classes? A) IgA B) IgB C) IgD D) IgG E) IgE
e
37) IgE ________. A) is mainly found in mucus and secretions such as tears and saliva B) is passed from mother to fetus during pregnancy C) is the most abundant antibody in blood plasma D) can fix complement E) is involved in allergies
c
38) What is the chief way the body responds to antigens? A) agglutination B) chemotaxis C) complement fixation D) neutralization E) precipitation
b
39) Which antibody-antigen interaction results when a foreign blood type is transfused and clumped? A) opsonization B) agglutination C) neutralization D) precipitation E) phagocytosis
e
4) Blood capillaries are indicated by ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E
c
4) Which one of the following is NOT a mechanism that aids lymph return to the heart? A) milking action of skeletal muscles B) pressure changes within the thorax C) the pumping action of the heart D) smooth muscle contractions within the lymphatic vessels E) presence of valves within the larger lymph vessels
d
40) The process by which antibodies bind to specific sites on bacterial exotoxins (toxic chemicals secreted by bacteria) to block their harmful effects is called ________. A) agglutination B) chemotaxis C) complement fixation D) neutralization E) precipitation
a
41) Antigen presentation is essential for the activation and clonal selection of ________. A) T cells B) B cells C) plasma cells D) antigen-presenting cells E) antibodies
a
42) What type of T cell releases cytokines to indirectly rid the body of antigens? A) helper T cells B) cytotoxic T cells C) regulatory T cells D) killer T cells E) suppressor T cells
a
43) What is the best graft to have so as to avoid rejection of a transplanted tissue? A) an autograft B) a graft from a recently deceased individuals C) a graft from another primate D) a xenograft E) an allograft
c
5) Lymphatic collecting vessels are indicated by ________. A) Label A B) Label B ) Label C D) Label D E) Label E
b
5) What structure carries lymph into a lymph node? A) trabeculae B) afferent lymphatic vessel C) follicles D) efferent lymphatic vessel E) germinal center
c
6) The spleen is indicated by ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D
b
6) Which lymphatic organ's major job is to destroy worn-out red blood cells and return some of the products to the liver? A) tonsils B) spleen C) thymus gland D) appendix E) Peyer's patches
a
7) The tonsils are indicated by ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D
c
7) Which lymphoid tissues trap and remove bacteria entering the throat? A) axillary lymph nodes B) cervical lymph nodes C) tonsils D) Peyer's patches E) thymus gland
b
8) The thymus is indicated by ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D
b
8) The thymus is most active during ________. A) infancy B) adolescence C) middle age D) old age E) the entire lifetime
d
9) The Peyer's patches are indicated by ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D
b
9) What lymphoid organ stores platelets and acts as a blood reservoir? A) thymus B) spleen C) appendix D) tonsils E) Peyer's patches
True
All lymph rejoins the bloodstream via the subclavian veins.
True
Antibodies are also referred to as immunoglobulins
True
Antigen presentation is essential for the activation of clonal selection of T cells.
True
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) engulf antigens and present them to cells that will deal with them.
True
Artificially acquired passive immunity is conferred when one receives immune serum for poisonous snake bites.
False
B cells become immunocompetent in the thymus.
True
Chemicals secreted by white blood cells and macrophages exposed to foreign substances that can increase body temperature are called pyrogens.
True
Cytotoxic T cells release perforins to creates pores in the target cell's membrane to kill the cell.
False
The study of immunity and the immune system is called endocrinology.
False
The two main structures of the lymphatic system are the lymphatic vessels and the blood vessels.