Science 7.2

energy budget

is the amount of energy available to heat the earth's land and water

perihelion

is the earth's closest point to the sun

aphelion

is the earth's farthest point from the sun

convection

is the heat transfer by moving currents of hot air

greenhouse effect

is the process of trapping heat in the earth's atmosphere

conduction

is the transfer of heat by direct contact between two objects

radiation

is the transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves

watt

measures the amount of energy that something gains, loses, or uses in one second

adiabatic heating

when the temperature of a gas rises as the gas is compressed with no heat lost

convection currents

currents set by the process of convection

greenhouse gases

are atmospheric gases that help trap heat water vapor is the most important one of these

winds

are the horizontal movements of air

updrafts or downdrafts

are the vertical movements of air

adiabatic cooling

happens when no heat is added the temperature of gas drops as it expands

insolation

incoming solar radiation solar energy that does reach the earth's surface

albedo

the ratio of the solar radiation reflected by an object to the solar radiation that strikes it is an objects