Science Chapter 1: Set B

Which part of the Earth's interior is made mostly of nickel and iron and has liquid and solid parts?

Core

Which part of the earths system contains most of the earths mass?

geosphere,

What is INDIRECT evidence on how scientists learn about the interior of the earth?

Seismic waves are studied on how waves travel through earth

Name earth's system two sources of energy?

The sun heat flowing from out of the Earth as it cools

how is heat transferred inside the earth through convection currents?

heat from the core and mantle causes convection currents.

What is conduction? Give example

heat transfer between materials that are touching example:heat feeling heat from sand

What is convection? Give example

heat transfer by movement of fluid example: warm air creates currents

give an example of radiation?

hot pavement

Which layer could we predict has the highest temperature and pressure?

inner core

Write the four main layers in order from the center to the outside of the planet?

inner core, outer core, mantle, crust

What is the main difference between the inner and outer core?

inner core: dense ball of solid metal outer core: layer of molten metal surrounding inner core

What metals is the core composed mainly of?

iron and nickel

hydrosphere

layer of earth mainly of water in diff forms: glaciers, oceans, lakes rivers

Does more or less dense material rise?

less dense because it has less volume

Is the outer core solid or liquid?

liquid

Which layer of the Earth is the thickest?

mantle

the continental crust is made up mostly of what?

many types of rock: granite

Which part of the Earth is made up of plants and animals?

Biosphere

What happens in Earth's outer core as a result of convection currents?

Earth's magnetic field

Atmoshpere

Earth's outermost layer of mixture of gases mainly nitrogen and oxygen

geosphere

Earth's solid rocks and metals, three parts: core, solid mantle, and rocky outer layer

Does cool dense liquid rise or fall?

Falls

what is the difference between inner core and outer core?

Inner core is solid rock and the outer core is liquid.

the crust and the mantle together make up which of these layers?

Lithosphere

What are the three layers of the mantle?

Lithosphere- uppermost: soft layer Asthenosphere-below lithosphere, bends like mantle Mesosphere- below asthenosphere; hot and rigid

Do humans affect the air, land and life of Earth? Tor F

True

Convection currents

a constant flow of heat caused by heating and cooling of a liquid

what is considered the soft layer of upper mantle?

asthenosphere

The oceanic crust is made up mostly of what?

basalt

Name the Earth's main spheres?

biosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, and the Sun

What is that layer broken up into?

brittle rock

which type of heat transfer is between two materials/particles touching?

conduction

Which type of crust is thicker?

continental crust

which type of heat transfer is caused by liquid movement?

convection

What conditions allow rock in the mantle to flow?

convection currents

What are the three main layers of the Earth?

core, mantle and crust

biosphere

earth's layer that contains living organisms-animals and plants

give an example of conduction?

feet on hot sand at beach

What is a destructive force? Give example

forces that destroy and wear away landmasses through processes like erosion and weathering. Example: Ice, wind

what are the two different types of crust? what are they made of?

oceanic and continental crust Oceanic crust made of constant basalt with sediments of ocean on top. continental crust made of many types of rocks, mainly like granite.

What happens to pressure and temperature as we increase depth?

pressure and temperature both increase with depth

which type of heat transfer is through rays?

radiation

name three types of heat transfer

radiation, convection, conduction

Does warmer less dense liquid rise or fall?

rises

What is DIRECT evidence on how scientists learn about the interior of the earth?

scientists drill deep holes and study rock samples of the earth

what is a constructive force? Give example

shape the lands surface by building up mountains and landmasses. Example: volcanoes, earthquakes

is the inner core solid or liquid?

solid

How does pressure and temperature change as Earths depth increases?

temperature and pressure increase

In which of the main layers do convection currents occur?

the core and the mantle

Explain how heat is transferred inside the earth through convection currents.

the earths core heats the mantles rocks toward the top, when the rocks cool they fall back down, creating a rise and fall which is convection currents,

Which layer helps create the Earth's magnetic field?

the outer core

What is radiation? Give example

transfer of energy carried through rays example: sun heating pavement

give an example of convection?

warm air causes currents