Science Final

Which organism is responsible for the production of fermented dairy products, such as yogurt and cheese?

bacteria

The processess of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are both integral part of what biogeochemical cycle?

carbon cycle

The by-products of cellular respiration include

carbon dioxide and water.

Which cell structure is the gatekeeper, controlling what goes in and out of the cell?

cell membrane

Producers, like this plant, take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide during __________________ , just like animals and other living things.

cellular respiration

Many plant cells have a single, large _________ that is filled with fluid.

central vacuole

Which feature do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells share?

cytoplasm

This suggests that humans and chimps share a common ancestor, from which both species evolved via ____________.

divergence

in yeast cells, the process that occurs when there is not enough oxygen for aerobic respiration is called

fermentation

What process restores the 2N chromosome number in a zygote's somatic cells for growth and development to continue?

fertilization

In a prokaryotic cell, most ribosomes are

floating freely in the cytoplasm.

A portion of this DNA, known as a

gene

structures that look different on the outside but are actually similar in construction and develop from the same embryonic tissues?

homologous structures

In 1809, Lamarck developed one of the first theories of evolution called the

inheritance of acquired characteristics.

Catalysts increase the rate of a reaction by

lowering the activation energy of a reaction.

The ABO blood type system in humans demonstrates

multiple allelism

How do scientists produce new genetic variations not found in nature? By

mutations with chemicals or radiation.

Which mutation causes either the inclusion of an extra chromsome in offspring or the deletion of an entire chromosome?

non-disjunction

Bacteria cells have no

nuclei.

Strep throat is caused by a species of bacteria that has adapted to living and reproducing in the human respiratory system. The relationship between this bacterium and people is known as

paratism

component of ATP that is needed to transfer and release energy directly?

phosphate

Several events happen during sexual reproduction in flowering plants. Put these processes in the correct order, ending with the process seen here.

pollination - fertilization - seed production - germination

Which factor is a density-dependent limiting factor on the population of a species?

predetation

The chemical process for respiration

releases energy.

Prior to the time of Charles Darwin, it was widely believed that all organisms appeared on Earth at the same time and remained unchanged throughout history. Which of these proved to be the biggest influence in the development of this idea?

religious beliefs

Carbon dioxide is returned to the atmosphere primarily by the

respiration of consumers.

The NADP and the ADP molecules are

returned and reused by the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

Which cell structures cause the outer surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum to appear rough?

ribosomes

if stranded on a deserted island with no freshwater, it is not advisable to drink sea water. Why not?

salt in the body creates a hypertonic solution around cells,

Haploid

sex cells with half the original chromosome number.

Facilitated diffusion and ________________ are alike since neither requires energy.

simple diffusion

According to Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection,

the best adapted species live

The main difference between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell is

the presence of a true nucleus.

During the process of _______________, the genetic message from DNA is transformed into mRNA.

transcription

Proteins are

transported by the endoplasmic reticulum from ribosomes.

The best way to classify two different organisms that have similar appearance and are found in the same environment is to

use gel-electrophoresis to compare DNA patterns.

Which plant cell organelle helps maintain the shape of the cell by helping to maintain turgor pressure?

vacuole

DNA insertion mutations may be caused by the invasion of

viruses.

Glucose + oxygen are the reactants of which process?

Aerobic cellular respiration

How are scientists able to compare DNA from bones or teeth to that found in hairs on a hairbrush?

DNA is the same in every cell of the body and does not change over time

The Final step of Aerobic Respiration that produces 30-34 ATP is:

Electron transport Chain

Reactions that require (need) energy to occur, like photosynthesis, are

Endergonic

The part of photosynthesis that produces carbohydrates is the

Light independent reactions (Calvin Cycle)

orm the majority of the plasma membrane of cells.

Phospholipids

chemical evolution theory proposes that the first genetic material was probably

RNA

What are the parts of ATP

Ribose, adenine, 3 phosphate group