Science Final
Which organism is responsible for the production of fermented dairy products, such as yogurt and cheese?
bacteria
The processess of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are both integral part of what biogeochemical cycle?
carbon cycle
The by-products of cellular respiration include
carbon dioxide and water.
Which cell structure is the gatekeeper, controlling what goes in and out of the cell?
cell membrane
Producers, like this plant, take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide during __________________ , just like animals and other living things.
cellular respiration
Many plant cells have a single, large _________ that is filled with fluid.
central vacuole
Which feature do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells share?
cytoplasm
This suggests that humans and chimps share a common ancestor, from which both species evolved via ____________.
divergence
in yeast cells, the process that occurs when there is not enough oxygen for aerobic respiration is called
fermentation
What process restores the 2N chromosome number in a zygote's somatic cells for growth and development to continue?
fertilization
In a prokaryotic cell, most ribosomes are
floating freely in the cytoplasm.
A portion of this DNA, known as a
gene
structures that look different on the outside but are actually similar in construction and develop from the same embryonic tissues?
homologous structures
In 1809, Lamarck developed one of the first theories of evolution called the
inheritance of acquired characteristics.
Catalysts increase the rate of a reaction by
lowering the activation energy of a reaction.
The ABO blood type system in humans demonstrates
multiple allelism
How do scientists produce new genetic variations not found in nature? By
mutations with chemicals or radiation.
Which mutation causes either the inclusion of an extra chromsome in offspring or the deletion of an entire chromosome?
non-disjunction
Bacteria cells have no
nuclei.
Strep throat is caused by a species of bacteria that has adapted to living and reproducing in the human respiratory system. The relationship between this bacterium and people is known as
paratism
component of ATP that is needed to transfer and release energy directly?
phosphate
Several events happen during sexual reproduction in flowering plants. Put these processes in the correct order, ending with the process seen here.
pollination - fertilization - seed production - germination
Which factor is a density-dependent limiting factor on the population of a species?
predetation
The chemical process for respiration
releases energy.
Prior to the time of Charles Darwin, it was widely believed that all organisms appeared on Earth at the same time and remained unchanged throughout history. Which of these proved to be the biggest influence in the development of this idea?
religious beliefs
Carbon dioxide is returned to the atmosphere primarily by the
respiration of consumers.
The NADP and the ADP molecules are
returned and reused by the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
Which cell structures cause the outer surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum to appear rough?
ribosomes
if stranded on a deserted island with no freshwater, it is not advisable to drink sea water. Why not?
salt in the body creates a hypertonic solution around cells,
Haploid
sex cells with half the original chromosome number.
Facilitated diffusion and ________________ are alike since neither requires energy.
simple diffusion
According to Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection,
the best adapted species live
The main difference between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell is
the presence of a true nucleus.
During the process of _______________, the genetic message from DNA is transformed into mRNA.
transcription
Proteins are
transported by the endoplasmic reticulum from ribosomes.
The best way to classify two different organisms that have similar appearance and are found in the same environment is to
use gel-electrophoresis to compare DNA patterns.
Which plant cell organelle helps maintain the shape of the cell by helping to maintain turgor pressure?
vacuole
DNA insertion mutations may be caused by the invasion of
viruses.
Glucose + oxygen are the reactants of which process?
Aerobic cellular respiration
How are scientists able to compare DNA from bones or teeth to that found in hairs on a hairbrush?
DNA is the same in every cell of the body and does not change over time
The Final step of Aerobic Respiration that produces 30-34 ATP is:
Electron transport Chain
Reactions that require (need) energy to occur, like photosynthesis, are
Endergonic
The part of photosynthesis that produces carbohydrates is the
Light independent reactions (Calvin Cycle)
orm the majority of the plasma membrane of cells.
Phospholipids
chemical evolution theory proposes that the first genetic material was probably
RNA
What are the parts of ATP
Ribose, adenine, 3 phosphate group