science midterm review
which organic compound is produced when three fatty acid molecules bond to one glycerol molecule?
a lipid
mad cow disease is a fatal disease that destroys brain tissue. Researchers have found that a prion protein, which is an abnormally constructed molecule, is responsible. Which statement best describes the characteristics a protein must have to function correctly?
a protein is a long chain of amino acids folded into a specific shape
the human body has many cells that are deep inside the body. For this reason, the human body requires...
a transport system and other organs
ATP is commonly used to...
actively transport molecules in an organism
which statement regarding respiration is correct?
all living organisms carry out some form of respiration
in the diagram below, X represents a process that causes a protein to unfold and stop functioning. Process X is most likely caused by...
an internal factor in the body, such as a temperature increase
the student noticed that as the new cells formed, they contained rod-shaped chromosomes. It is necessary for onion cells to contain chromosomes because chromosomes...
are composed of genes that contain the instructions for an organism's traits
enzyme molecules normally interact which substrate molecules. Some medicines work by blocking enzyme activity in pathogens. These medicines are effective because they...
are the ame size as the substrate molecules
in living cells, chemical processes, such as synthesis, all require the action of
biological catalysts(enzymes)
which group of organic molecules includes glycogen and glucose?
carbohydrates
in the human body, oxygen is absorbed by the lungs and nutrients are absorbed by the small intestine. In a single- celled organism, this absorption directly involves the...
cell membrane
which cell structure plays a direct role in the release of this chemical from the cell?
cell membrane
which statement is not a part of the cell theory?
cell parts such as chloroplasts ate self-replicating
respiration is best described as a process by which...
chemical energy is converted into a usable form
which system in a multicellular organism functions most like the cytoplasm in a single celled organism?
circulatory
materials are transported within a single-celled organism by the...
cytoplasm
organisms contain compounds such as proteins, starches, fats. The chemical bonds in these compounds can be a source of...
energy
what are the building blocks for lipids?
fatty acids and glycerol
which substances are produced by the hydrolysis of an oil?
fatty acids and glycerol
the shape of a protein molecule directly determines its...
functions inside and outside of cells
an experiment is carried out to determine how different pH values of soil will affect the growth of tomato plants.In this experiment, the dependent variable could be the...
height of the tomato plants
which observation could lead to the conclusion that an object is nonliving?
it cannot perform metabolic processes
the breathing rate, heart rate, and blood hormone levels of an individual would directly provide information about that individual's...
metabolic activity
fat molecules typically contain long chains of carbon atoms. animals tend to store fats for use when food resources are scarce. This is an advantage to the animal because...
much energy can be gained by breaking bonds between atoms in the fats.
which element is not part of a disaccharide?
nitrogen
a hydra ingests a daphnia, digests it, and later egests some materials. All of these events are most closely associated with the life process known as...
nutrition
the size of the image of a cell being examined with a microscope is determined by the...
objectives and ocular
proteins, starch, and DNA are similar in that they are all...
organic compounds
which process is a form of autotrophic nutrition?
photosynthesis
which statement best describes some protein molecules in a cell?
proteins are long, folded chains that can form various cell parts
which group contains only molecules that are each assembled from smaller organic compounds?
proteins, DNA, fats, starch
a coverslip should be slowly lowered from a 45 degree angle onto a slide in order to...
reduce the formation of air bubbles
while looking at the bottom surface of a leaf with a compound light microscope, a student notices pairs of cells with openings between them on the surface of the leaf. The main purpose of these openings and the cells that surround them is...
regulating gas exchange
after eating a meal, blood sugar levels are elevated.The body secretes hormones to help absorb excess sugar into cells and return blood sugar levels to normal. This is an example of...
regulation
which process is represented by the arrow in the diagram below?
respiration
which process is the potential energy of organic molecules transferred to a form of energy that is usable by the cells?
respiration
even though human proteins are synthesized from only 20 different amino acids, there are thousands of different proteins found in human cells. This great variety of proteins is possible because the...
sequence and number of amino acids can be different in each protein
a fully functioning enzyme molecule is arranges ina complex three-dimensional shape. This shape determines the...
specific type of molecule it interacts with during a reaction
which compound is a polysaccharide?
starch
an amoeba is a single-celled organism. It uses its cell membrane to obtain food from its environment, digests the food with the help of organelles called lysosomes, and uses other organelles to process and digest food. From this, we can best infer that...
structures in amoebas have functions similar to organs in multicellular organisms
which of the following is the primary nutrient used in metabolism?
sugar
enzyme molecules are produced by the life function known as...
synthesis
in plants, glucose is converted to cellulose, and in human cells, glucose is converted to glycogen.These processes are examples of which life activity?
synthesis
which statement regarding the functioning of the cell membrane of all organisms is not correct?
the cell membrane forms a barrier that keeps all substances that might harm the cell from entering the cell
which statement best describes enzymes?
the rate of activity of an enzyme might change as pH changes.
which statement describes a similarity between all enzymes, antibodies, and hormones?
their chemical structure is critical to their ability to function
the absorption of fluids by various cells of the human body is part of the life function known as...
transport
the cytoplasm in a single celled organism and the circulatory system in a human both...
transport substances throughout the organism
in single-celled organisms, materials are stored primarily in...
vacuoles
