science midterm review

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which organic compound is produced when three fatty acid molecules bond to one glycerol molecule?

a lipid

mad cow disease is a fatal disease that destroys brain tissue. Researchers have found that a prion protein, which is an abnormally constructed molecule, is responsible. Which statement best describes the characteristics a protein must have to function correctly?

a protein is a long chain of amino acids folded into a specific shape

the human body has many cells that are deep inside the body. For this reason, the human body requires...

a transport system and other organs

ATP is commonly used to...

actively transport molecules in an organism

which statement regarding respiration is correct?

all living organisms carry out some form of respiration

in the diagram below, X represents a process that causes a protein to unfold and stop functioning. Process X is most likely caused by...

an internal factor in the body, such as a temperature increase

the student noticed that as the new cells formed, they contained rod-shaped chromosomes. It is necessary for onion cells to contain chromosomes because chromosomes...

are composed of genes that contain the instructions for an organism's traits

enzyme molecules normally interact which substrate molecules. Some medicines work by blocking enzyme activity in pathogens. These medicines are effective because they...

are the ame size as the substrate molecules

in living cells, chemical processes, such as synthesis, all require the action of

biological catalysts(enzymes)

which group of organic molecules includes glycogen and glucose?

carbohydrates

in the human body, oxygen is absorbed by the lungs and nutrients are absorbed by the small intestine. In a single- celled organism, this absorption directly involves the...

cell membrane

which cell structure plays a direct role in the release of this chemical from the cell?

cell membrane

which statement is not a part of the cell theory?

cell parts such as chloroplasts ate self-replicating

respiration is best described as a process by which...

chemical energy is converted into a usable form

which system in a multicellular organism functions most like the cytoplasm in a single celled organism?

circulatory

materials are transported within a single-celled organism by the...

cytoplasm

organisms contain compounds such as proteins, starches, fats. The chemical bonds in these compounds can be a source of...

energy

what are the building blocks for lipids?

fatty acids and glycerol

which substances are produced by the hydrolysis of an oil?

fatty acids and glycerol

the shape of a protein molecule directly determines its...

functions inside and outside of cells

an experiment is carried out to determine how different pH values of soil will affect the growth of tomato plants.In this experiment, the dependent variable could be the...

height of the tomato plants

which observation could lead to the conclusion that an object is nonliving?

it cannot perform metabolic processes

the breathing rate, heart rate, and blood hormone levels of an individual would directly provide information about that individual's...

metabolic activity

fat molecules typically contain long chains of carbon atoms. animals tend to store fats for use when food resources are scarce. This is an advantage to the animal because...

much energy can be gained by breaking bonds between atoms in the fats.

which element is not part of a disaccharide?

nitrogen

a hydra ingests a daphnia, digests it, and later egests some materials. All of these events are most closely associated with the life process known as...

nutrition

the size of the image of a cell being examined with a microscope is determined by the...

objectives and ocular

proteins, starch, and DNA are similar in that they are all...

organic compounds

which process is a form of autotrophic nutrition?

photosynthesis

which statement best describes some protein molecules in a cell?

proteins are long, folded chains that can form various cell parts

which group contains only molecules that are each assembled from smaller organic compounds?

proteins, DNA, fats, starch

a coverslip should be slowly lowered from a 45 degree angle onto a slide in order to...

reduce the formation of air bubbles

while looking at the bottom surface of a leaf with a compound light microscope, a student notices pairs of cells with openings between them on the surface of the leaf. The main purpose of these openings and the cells that surround them is...

regulating gas exchange

after eating a meal, blood sugar levels are elevated.The body secretes hormones to help absorb excess sugar into cells and return blood sugar levels to normal. This is an example of...

regulation

which process is represented by the arrow in the diagram below?

respiration

which process is the potential energy of organic molecules transferred to a form of energy that is usable by the cells?

respiration

even though human proteins are synthesized from only 20 different amino acids, there are thousands of different proteins found in human cells. This great variety of proteins is possible because the...

sequence and number of amino acids can be different in each protein

a fully functioning enzyme molecule is arranges ina complex three-dimensional shape. This shape determines the...

specific type of molecule it interacts with during a reaction

which compound is a polysaccharide?

starch

an amoeba is a single-celled organism. It uses its cell membrane to obtain food from its environment, digests the food with the help of organelles called lysosomes, and uses other organelles to process and digest food. From this, we can best infer that...

structures in amoebas have functions similar to organs in multicellular organisms

which of the following is the primary nutrient used in metabolism?

sugar

enzyme molecules are produced by the life function known as...

synthesis

in plants, glucose is converted to cellulose, and in human cells, glucose is converted to glycogen.These processes are examples of which life activity?

synthesis

which statement regarding the functioning of the cell membrane of all organisms is not correct?

the cell membrane forms a barrier that keeps all substances that might harm the cell from entering the cell

which statement best describes enzymes?

the rate of activity of an enzyme might change as pH changes.

which statement describes a similarity between all enzymes, antibodies, and hormones?

their chemical structure is critical to their ability to function

the absorption of fluids by various cells of the human body is part of the life function known as...

transport

the cytoplasm in a single celled organism and the circulatory system in a human both...

transport substances throughout the organism

in single-celled organisms, materials are stored primarily in...

vacuoles


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