Science test study

Rift zone

A BLANK is a set of deep cracks that form from two tectonic plates that are pulling apart.

Any rock can become any other type of rock. There is no set pattern.

A classmate states that igneous rock must always become sedimentary rock next, according to the rock cycle. Explain why this statement is not correct.

Rock

A combination of one or minerals or organic matter is called a BLANK

Identity

A rock's BLANK can be changed by factors such as temperature, pressure, weathering, and erosion.

Clastic, chemical, organic,

Based on the way that they form, scientists classify sedimentary rock as BLANK, BLANK, and BLANK sedimentary rock.

Subside, rises up

Blocks of crust in the center of the rift zone BLANK, and rock below earths surface BLANK.

It takes longer to cool so crystals have lots of time to cool/form.

Granite is an igneous rock that forms from magma cooled below earths surface. Why would granite have larger crystals in igneous rocks formed from lava cools above Earth's surface?

Igneous rocks are formed from cooling molten rock.

How are igneous rocks formed?

If it is subjected to high amounts of heat and or pressure, or chemical reactions deep underground.

How can sedimentary rock become metamorphic rock?

Basins can form from a subsidence. Sediment could become deposited.

How can subsidence lead to formation of a sedimentary rock?

Sedimentary rock forms from compacted sediment.

How does sedimentary rock form?

If magma cools slow it is coarse-grained because it has lots of time too cool, creating large crystals. If magma cools rapidly it is fine-grained because it has little time to form, creating small, non-visible crystals.

How does the rate at which magma cools affect the texture of an igneous rock.

Uplift is the rising areas of the crust. Subsidence is the sinking areas of the crust.

How does uplift differ from subsidence?

Buildings, Decour, roadways, and jewelry.

How is rock used today?

Magma, lava

If the BLANK reaches Earth's surface , it is called BLANK

Molten

Igneous rock forms from BLANK rock that cools.

Extrudes, extrusive

Igneous rock that forms when lava erupts, or BLANK, onto Earth's surface is called BLANK igneous rock.

Sediment, metamorphic

Igneous rock that is exposed can break down into BLANK beneath Earth's surface, it change change into BLANK rock.

Extrusive

Igneous rocks that form when lava cools on Earth's surface are called BLANK igneous rock.

Intrusive

Igneous rocks that form when magma cools beneath Earth's surface are called BLANK igneous rocks.

Magma

In some cases, the rock gets hot enough to melt and form BLANK, or molten rock

Weathering, erosion, deposition, and cooling.

List several processes that happen above Earth's surface.

Melting, cooling, heat, pressure, erosion, weathering, and deposition.

List several processes that happen below Earth's surface.

Organic

Most rock is made of minerals, but some rock is made of non-mineral material that is not BLANK, such as glass.

Millions

Over BLANK or years, any of the three rock types change be changed into another of the three types .

Calcium

Over time, the skeletons of the marine organisms, made of BLANK carbonate, collect on the ocean floor.

Squeezed

Rock that is buried can be BLANK by the weight of rock or layers of sediment above it.

Changing

Rocks are always BLANK through time

Rift zones relies on pressure on buried rock possibly allowing magma to flow to the surface.

Why are rift zones common places for igneous rock to form?

Igneous

With temperature and pressure changes, sedimentary rock can become metamorphic rock, or it may melt and become BLANK rock.

Slowly

The magma usually cools very BLANK, and the minerals form large, visible crystals

Foliation

The metamorphic rock texture in which mineral grains are arranged in planes or bands is called BLANK.

Composition

The minerals a rock contains determine the BLANK, or makeup, of that rock.

Foliated, non-foliated

The process results in the formation of metamorphic rock, with a BLANK or BLANK texture.

Coarse-grained, fine-grained

The rock may be BLANK or BLANK, depending on whether the grains are visible with one's eyes or with a hand lands or microscope.

Rock cycle

The series of processes by which rock changed form one type to another is called the BLANK.

Texture

The size, shape, and positions of the grains that make up a rock determine a rock's BLANK.

Coarse-grained

Therefore, intrusive igneous rock generally has a BLANK texture.

Fossiliferous

These animal remains, together with sediment, are eventually buried, compacted, and cemented together to form BLANK limestone.

Cementation

These processes include weathering, erosion, deposition, burial, and BLANK.

Temperature, pressure

As a rock is exposed to high BLANK and BLANK, the crystal structures of the minerals in the rock change to form new minerals.

Fine-grained

As lava cools quickly, there is little time for crystals to form, and extrusive igneous rocks have a BLANK texture.

Crystals, longer

As molten rock cools, BLANK form. The BLANK the cooling takes, the more time the crystals have to grow.

Evaporates

As water BLANK, the minerals in it become concentrated, precipitate out of solution, and crystallize.

Temperature, pressure

At high enough BLANK and BLANK, buried rock can change into metamorphic rock.

Igneous rock

BLANK forms when molten rock cools and hardens. It forms on or beneath Earth's surface.

Metamorphic rock

BLANK forms when pressure, high temperature, or chemical processes change existing rock.

Sedimentary rock

BLANK forms when sediment from older rocks or minerals that form from solutions get pressed, compacted, and cemented together.

Magma, magma

BLANK is a molten rock that forms in earths crust. When BLANKS cools and solidifies, it forms igneous rock in the crust.

rock, mineral

BLANK is a naturally occurring solid of one or more BLANKS that may also include organic matter

weathering

BLANK is the process by which rock is broken down by water, wind, ice, and changes in temperature.

Erosion

BLANK is the process by which sediment is moved front one place to another.

Uplift

BLANK is the rising of regions of the crust to higher elevations, increasing the rate of erosion.

Subsidence

BLANK is the sinking of regions of the crust to lower elevations, producing basins or sediment is deposited.

Natural processes

BLANK make and destroy rock. They change each type of rock into other types of rock and shape Earth's features.

Non-foliated

BLANK metamorphic rocks are commonly made of one or only a few minerals.

Tectonic plate

BLANK motions can move rock around, leading to changes in the rock. These plate motions can move rock up or down.

Foliation, parrallel

BLANK occurs when pressure causes the mineral grains in a rock to realign to form BLANK bands.

Sedimentary

BLANK rock is formed by processes that occur mainly at or near Earth's surface.

Clastic

BLANK sedimentary rock forms and sediments are buried, compacted, and cemented together by calcite or quartz.

Organic

BLANK sedimentary rock forms from the remains, or fossils, of once-living plants and animals.

Chemical

BLANK sedimentary rock forms when water, which usually contains dissolved minerals, evaporates

Magma, lava, lava

BLANK that reaches Earth surface is called BLANK. Igneous rock also forms when BLANK cools and solidifies on Earth's surface

Water, wind, ice, temperature

BLANK, BLANK, BLANK, and changes in BLANK can change rock in a number of ways.

Obsidian, rapidly

BLANK, often called volcanic glass, is an extrusive rock that cools so BLANK that no crystals form.

Influence

Different natural processes BLANK the type of rock that is found in each area of Earth's surface.

Metamorphism

During BLANK, mineral grains or crystals may change in size it the mineral may change in composition.

Form

Each rock class can be divided further, based on differences in the way rocks BLANK.

Temperature, pressure

Metamorphic rock forms when high BLANK and BLANK change the texture and mineral content of rock.

How is metamorphic rock formed?

Metamorphic rock is formed from heat, pressure, heat and pressure combined, and chemical processes.

Non-foliated

Metamorphic rock's that do not have mineral grains that are aligned in planes or bands are called BLANK.

Fact

Metamorphic rocks are changed by temperature, pressure, temperature and pressure combined, or fluids or other chemicals.

Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic

Scientists divide rock into three classes: BLANK, BLANK, and BLANK. Each class can further divided into more specific types of rock.

Deposition

Sediment comes to rest by a process called BLANK

Solutions, sediments

Sedimentary rock is composed of minerals formed form BLANK or BLANK from older rocks.

Size, types

Sedimentary rocks are named according to the BLANK and BLANK of the fragments they contain.

Decrease

Sometimes the BLANK in pressure at a rift zone causes magma to form and solidify

Magma, lava

The BLANK and BLANK eventually cool to from new rock.

Size

The BLANK of the sediment, or clasts, that make up the rock is used to classify clastic sedimentary rock as fine-, medium-, or coarse-grained.

Igneous

This rock is made of tiny crystals that form quickly when molten rock called at Earth's surface.

Sedimentary

This rock is made up of the mineral calcite, and forms from the remains of organisms that lived in water.

Metamorphic

Through high temperature and pressure, this rock formed from sedimentary rock.

Composition, texture

To determine how to classify rocks, scientist observe their BLANK and BLANK.

Metamorphic

Under certain temperature and pressure conditions, metamorphic rock can melt and form magma, or form a different BLANK rock.

Deposited

Water, wind, ice, and gravity can erode sediments, which are eventually BLANK in bodies of water and other low-lying areas.

Sediment

Weathering breaks down rock into tiny fragments called BLANK

Strata

What are the layers in sedimentary rock called?

Clastic, chemical, organic

What are the three types of sedimentary rock?

Intrusive, extrusive

What are the two types of igneous rocks?

Intrusive and extrusive.

What are the types of igneous rock?

Foliated or non-foliated.

What are the types of metamorphic rock?

Clastic, organic, and chemical.

What are the types of sedimentary rock?

1. No bands 2. No aligned mineral planes

What are two characteristics of non-foliated metamorphic rocks?

Coal and chalk

What are two types of organic sedimentary rocks.

If the rock is below the surface it will undergo heat and pressure. If the rack is above the surface I will most likely have more weathering and erosion.

What factors and processes can affect the pathway that igneous rock takes in the rock cycle?

The minerals in schist separate into alternating bands of light and dark minerals(foliation).

What happens to the mineral me as gneiss forms from schist?

There wouldn't be a sedimentary rock because sediment wouldn't form.

What would happen to the rock cycle if erosion did not occur?

Igneous rock

When lava cools and solidifies BLANK forms.

Intrudes, intrusive

When magma BLANK, or pushes into surrounding rock below Earth's surface, and cools, it forms BLANK igneous rock.

Sedimentary rock

When sediment is pressed together and cemented the sediment becomes BLANK