Science Test Study Guide

What is average atomic mass?

The weighted average mass of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element, measured in atomic mass units, according to their natural abundancies.

Compare and contrast the masses of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

They are all very small. Protons and neutrons masses are very similar and electrons are much smaller than protons and neutrons.

Elements in groups 3-12 are called_____.

Transition Elements

True or False: NONMETALS are poor conductors of heat and electricity.

True

True or False: The chart showing the classification of elements according to their properties and increasing atomic number is called the PERIODIC TABLE.

True

True or False: The identity of an element is determined by the number of PROTONS.

True

True or False: The sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons in an atom is the MASS NUMBER.

True

What are the 6 different quarks?

Up , down, top, bottom, strange, and charm

Scientists often use mental pictures to explain their ideas. What do we call these mental pictures? Why are they useful?

We call these mental pictures models. They are useful because they help scientists to see thing that are too difficult to visualize or picture.

What is a neutron?

Electrically neutral particles in the nucleus.

A particle that moves around the nucleus is a(n) ____.

Electron

Each energy level of an atom has a maximum number of _____ it can hold.

Electrons

True or False: The weighted average of the mass numbers of all the isotopes that occur in nature for particular element is the average ATOMIC NUMBER.

False - Atomic Mass

True or False: The number of protons in an atom is called the ATOMIC MASS.

False - Atomic Number

True or False: Quarks can be produced by bombarding PROTONS with protons.

False - Charged Particles

True or False: The symbol for chlorine is C.

False - Cl

True or False: According to present atomic theory, the location of an electron in an atom is best represented by a PROBABILITY cloud.

False - Electron

True or False: The region around the nucleus occupied by electrons is called the NEGATIVE ZONE.

False - Electron Cloud

True or False: Elements arranged in vertical columns in the periodic table are called PERIODS.

False - Groups

True or False: The atomic masses of the elements are not whole value numbers because of the existence of QUARKS.

False - Isotopes

True or False: Two isotopes of carbon are carbon-12 and carbon-14. These isotopes differ from one another by two ELECTRONS.

False - Neutrons

True or False: The mass of an ELECTRON is about equal to the mass of a proton.

False - neutron

True or False: The central core of an atom is called the HUB.

False - nucleus

What is a nuclear symbol?

Front of the symbol is the mass number written over the atomic number.

How did Mendelev set up his periodic table? How was his first periodic table like the periodic table today? How is it different?

He ordered them using their atomic mass. The periodic tables are similar because they both list the symbols and mass number. They are different because his went by atomic mass and the periodic table today goes by the atomic number.

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called_____.

Isotopes

What is an isotope? How does it differ from the standard from of an element?

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. It differs because it has a different number of neutrons.

Name the two particle accelerators and where they are located.

Large Hadron Collider - Geneva, Switzerland Tevatron - Batavia, Illinois

A chemical symbol represents the _____ of an element.

Name

What is a proton?

Particles in the nucleus with an electric charge of +1.

What is an electron?

Particles with an electric charge of -1.

The horizontal rows on the periodic table are called_____.

Periods

The nucleus contains...

Protons and Neutrons

In what ways are protons and neutrons alike? How are they different?

Protons and neutrons are alike because they are both located in the nucleus and they have similar masses. They are different because protons have a charge of +1 and neutrons have no charge.

Particles of matter that make up protons and neutrons are _____.

Quarks

What does periodic mean?

Repeated in a pattern

What are quarks?

Smaller particles that make up protons and neutrons

To find the number of neutrons in an atom you...

Subtract the atomic number from the mass number

The ______ is used to accelerate protons in the study of subatomic particles.

Tevatron

What is the periodic table?

The elements are arranged by increasing atomic number.

What is atomic number?

The number of protons in an atoms nucleus

Explain why the periodic table is such a useful tool for both scientists and students.

The periodic table is useful because it is a good way to organize elements by their atomic number, which then makes them easy to find. It also tells you the classification of each element.

What is the nucleus?

The small positively charged center of an atom.

What is an atom?

The smallest particle of an element that retains the elements properties.

What is mass number?

The sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons

What groups are metals found in?

1 through 13

Symbols may come from...

1. Their English name 2. Their Latin name

Elements are named after...

1. To honor scientists 2. Places 3. Properties

What groups are nonmetals in?

14 through 18

A certain atom has 26 protons, 26 electrons, and 30 neutrons. Its mass number is ____.

56

How many different quarks are there?

6

How many metalloids are there?

8

What is a chemical symbol?

A short or abbreviated name of an element.