SCM 466 Air and intermodel
Express air services
Express air services guarantee a pre-determined delivery date; the service is called "time-defined delivery," generally the next day or overnight. Examples include FedEx, UPS, DHL.
land bridge
For goods that are shipped from Asia to Europe, it is often more economical to ship goods by ocean to the West Coast of North American, unload the containers, transport them by rail to the East Coast before shipping them by ocean to Europe. The more costly alternative is to ship the goods through the Panama Canal.
who invented the container
Malcom McLean
types of aircrafts
Passenger Aircrafts Freighters Combi Aircrafts Quick-Change Aircrafts
Pipelines
Pipelines can be used for the transport of liquid cargo (petroleum oil, refined oil products, water), and gasses (generally natural gas), as well as coal, in the form of slurry, a mix of powdered coal and water. Pipelines are essential to the transport of energy products.
International Air Transport Association
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) works with governments and airlines to ensure that goods move around the world as easily as if they were traveling domestically.
International Civil Aviation Organization
The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), an agency of the United Nations, designs and implements standards for international civil aviation practices regarding safety, security, and other operational issues.
Airmail Services
The origin of air freight, air mail services still account for a small percentage of all shipments.
ACMI Lease
The owner of the aircraft provides the airplane, crew, maintenance, and insurance to the lessee. The lessee has to cover all other costs, such as fuel and airport fees.
freight tariffs
The tariff structure on international air cargo is much simpler than that used by the ocean cargo industry. It is based on the weight and volume of the cargo
passenger aircrafts
carry a lot of cargo too, but main purpose is viewed for passengers -- some of this freight isn't palletized and is instead shipped unattached like luggage, in larger aircrafts it is palletized and attached -- somewhat unreliable because will get left if they need the weight
key issues in truck transportation
differing regulations are important to know across countries examples: how much weight, hours of operation, size, number of hours a driver can work, training
International air regulations
every country has control over their airspace -- so you need authrorization to fly over other countries but there are open sky agreeements that make this easier
when do you air ship something?
flowers/things that are perishable, seafood, something that is late, something that needs better security, something that is time sensititive because of demand (apple products, clothing)
charter aircrafts
hired to transport goods that cannot be shipped through traditional airfreighters
rail transportation
important in some areas but in many places it is just domestic.. much more international in the EU
Truck transportation
in many parts of the world this represents 100% of international traffic, however in others its lower -- still is important -- always the first mile and the last mile
largest cargo airports
memphis (where FedEx is located), hong kong because is set up to handle it
combi aircrafts
passenger aircrafts that are also designed to hold freight on the main deck
freighters
planes designed to ship cargo
Scheduled Airfreight Services
regularly schedules services that you buy capacity... most common now
charter airfreight services
uncommon and and is VERY expensive
times when you would lease/charter and aircraft
when you are behind
advanced manifest rule
all cargo manifests must be sent to CBP at least four hours before the cargo is to arrive in the US
Dry Lease
A lease agreement in which the owner of the aircraft provides only the airplane to the lessee, who is responsible for all other costs.
Wet Lease
A lease agreement in which the owner of the aircraft provides the airplane, insurance, maintenance, fuel and a flight crew. The lessee has to cover all other costs, such as airport fees.
Intermodal Terminal / Dry port
A location where containerized goods change means of transportation.
intermodal transportation
A shipment that takes more than one mean of transportation from its departure to its point of destination, using only one bill of lading, is said to be intermodal or multimodal. --strongly linked to the creation of the container
certified cargo screening program
All cargo shipped on passenger aircraft must be 100-percent inspected prior to being loaded. Inspections must be conducted by Certified Cargo Screening Facilities.
Barges
Barges are flat-bottomed boats, are designed to carry cargo on rivers and canals. Some are self-propelled and others are designed to be pushed or pulled. In the United States, barges carry mostly bulk cargo (grain, coal, minerals), but in Europe and China, they also carry containers, automobiles, and other general cargo.
Freight Forwarders
Because international transportation is so complex, many shippers rely on freight forwarders to handle their international shipments. Freight forwarders arrange all aspects of transportation and paperwork for a shipper, from following the exporting country's requirements to clearing Customs in the importing country. Freight forwarders are essentially travel agents for freight.
key issues in rail transportation
-ownership of the RR (private/public) -guage issues (width of track) -relationship b/n passenger and merch traffic and which one is more important
two ways to calculate freight charge
-the weight of a shipment -dimensional weight -- based on the dimensions of the shipment (the airline will pick the higher price of the two)
leased airfreight services
a carrier buying capacity from another carrier that usually just has the airplanes
quick-change aircraft
a type fo airplane that can be quickly converted from all-cargo service to all-passenger service with the use of palletized seat sections
