Scrotal pathology

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how often does a varicocele occur?

10-15%

What is a spermatocele?

Cyst consisting of non-viable sperm

Benign conditions of the scrotum?

Cysts, Gonadal Stromal Tumors

Most intratesticular masses are what kind of tumors?

Germ Cell

What are extratesticular masses?

Hydrocele/hematocele, cyst, scrotal hernia, calcifications, epidiymitis

Compared to the normal testicular parenchyma, what is the predominant sonographic appearance of malignant testicular tumors?

Hypoechoic

chronic testicular infection is most commonly seen in? Why?

Men, related to urinary obstruction

what would you expect to fin with spermatic cord torsion?

Reduced/absent blood flow to testicle Related to testicular enlargement or traum

A testicular finding of a mass that demonstrates an "onion peel" sign and avascularity is most likely

an epidermoid cyst

Serous is typically looks like what sono?

anechoic

what are routes of testicular infection?

ascending, Hematogenous

Where are cysts found in the tunica?

at periphery of testicle

what usually becomes infected first in the scrotum?

epididymitis

What can cause a hydrocele?

epidydimitis, orchitis, torsion, trauma, idiopathic causes

where is a spermatocele most commonly found?

head of epididymis

In a patient with scrotal trauma the testicle will have a sonographic appearance consistent with

heterogenous parenchymal echogenicity and enlargement

undescended testicle is associated with what?

higher risk of malignancy

What is the most common scrotal fluid collection?

hydrocele

Most malignancies are hyper or hypoechoic?

hypoechoic

what type of varicocele is related to compression of vein?

secondary

The most common type of germ cell tumor of the testicle is the

seminoma

When performing an exam for suspected testicluar or ovarian torsion, the color Doppler settings should be

unchanged from the settings used for the unaffected structure

What are 2 categories of testicular trauma?

Blunt and Penetrating

What is the most common type of Gonadal stromal tumor?

leydig cell tumor

what type of varicocele is common in younger men?

primary

What is the most common primary tumor to metastasize to the testis?

prostate

what is a secondary varicocele?

related to compression of vein

Gonadal Stromal Tunors account for what percentage of testicular neoplasms?

3-6%

What is a hydrocele?

Abnormal serous fluid collection between layers of tunica vaginalis

What is a varicocele?

Dilated, tortuous veins in pampiniform plexus (incompetent valves)

Nonseminomatous germ cell tumors are?

Embryonal Cell Carcinoma Teratoma Choriocarcinoma Yolk Sac Mixed Germ Cell

Which testicular carcinoma is the most aggressive and presents as a focal or diffuse hypoechoic mass with distinct or indistinct boundaries?

Embryonal cell

whre can cyst occur?

Epididymis, interparenchymal, Tunica A or V

Most common type of germ cell tumor is?

Seminoma (40-50%)

What is the most common location for epididymal cysts?

Throughout the epididymis

Scrotum is lined by?

Tunica Vaginalis

is a scrotal hernia benign or malignant?

benign

what is seen with a testicular rupture?

blood in scrotum, irregular outline of testicle

a hydrocele that is blood/ puss will look ?

echoes within the fluid

what does a spermatocele mimic sono?

epididymal cyst

what is Orchitis?

infection of the testicle

Where is a Epidermoid cyst found?

interparenchymal

which testicle are varicocele most commonly found?

left due to length of testicular vein

What is testicular microlithiasis related too?

neoplasia or previous infection

Tunica vaginalis is composed of what 2 layers?

parietal and viseral

what is a scrotal hernia?

swollen scrotum containing palpable mass

The presence of microcalcifications in the testicle is suspicious for

testicular carcinoma

large calcifications in the testis are related to?

trauma (resolved hematoma)

Scrotum is divided into two compartments by?

tunica dartos

what is the appearance of an epidermoid cyst?

whorled (like an onion)


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