Scrum.org The Scrum Guide
What is it called when product backlog items can be "Done" by the development team within one Sprint?
"Ready" for selection in a Sprint Planning
What are two typical activities for a Product Owner in a Sprint?
1. Collaborate with stakeholders, user communities, and subject matter experts. 2. Work with the Development Team on Product Backlog refinement
Which two statements explain why the definition of "Done" is important to the Product Owner?
1. It assures the increment reviewed at the Sprint review is usable so the Product Owner may choose to release it 2. It creates transparency regarding progress within the Scrum Team
How does the Product Owner communicate his marketplace knowledge to the Scrum Team?
1. Product Backlog Refinement 2. Daily ad hoc interactions 3. Sprint Reviews
How does planning poker work?
1. Product owner read and agile user story/describes a feature to be estimated 2. Each estimator has a deck of cards with values (0,1,2,3,5,8,13,20,40,100). Each estimator privately selects on card to represent his/her estimate. 3. All cards are revealed at the same time. If all selected the same number, that becomes the estimate. If not, they discuss and draw again.
What two meetings can people outside the Scrum Team participate in?
1. The Sprint Retrospective 2. The Sprint Planning
What factors should be considered by the Product Owner in the release decision?
1. The risk that the products value can get out of line with the marketplace 2. The costs and benefits of the upgrade 3. Can customers actually absorb the new release 4. The customers that will be constrained by the new release
Who are the typical key stakeholders?
1. The users - the human people who actually use the product under development 2. The external customers - the people responsible for paying to use the product 3. The internal customers - the people responsible for making the funding decisions for the product development effort
What items are optional for a Product Backlog item?
1. dependencies 2. test descriptions that will prove Product Backlog Item completeness when "Done"
When can a Sprint be cancelled?
A Sprint can be cancelled before the Sprint time-box is over.
• Why would a Sprint be cancelled and why might this occur?
A Sprint would be cancelled if the Sprint Goal becomes obsolete. This might occur if the company changes direction or if market or technology conditions change.
What is scrum?
A framework within which people can address complex adaptive problems, while productively and creatively delivering products of the highest possible value -lightweight -simple to understand -difficult to master
When does the Sprint retrospective occur?
After the Sprint Review and prior to the next Sprint Planning
Who attends the Sprint Review?
Attendees include the Scrum Team and key stakeholders invited by the Product Owner
What should the development team be able to do at the end of the Sprint Planning meeting?
By the end of the Sprint Planning, the Development Team should be able to explain to the Product Owner and Scrum Master how it intends to work as a self-organizing team to accomplish the Sprint Goal and create the anticipated Increment.
Who is responsible for all estimates in the Product Backlog?
Development Team. The Product Owner may influence the Development Team by helping it understand and select trade-offs, but the people who will perform the work make the final estimate.
What theory is scrum founded on?
Empiricism
T/f Once the product owner gained his Product Vision and defined the tactic of brining this vision to life, it is a bad idea to change them before ht next Product Release
False, The PO should never be afraid to change the vision or tactics based on marketplace changes. Being able to strategically re-pivot and capture value in new and different ways is one of the key benefits of an Agile mindset.
T/F Product Backlog refinement practice focuses on Items for upcoming Sprints, not the current Sprint in progress.
False, the items in the current Sprint are no longer on the Product Backlog because they are now on the Sprint Backlog
When does a Sprint start?
Immediately after the conclusion of the previous Sprint
Who should do the legwork of gathering the marketplace data for the Product Owner?
It does not matter who does the legwork
What is Empiricism?
Knowledge comes only from experience and making decisions based on what is known
When should we use Planning Poker?
Shortly after initial product backlog writting
What are the benefits of Sprints?
Sprints enable predictability by ensuring inspection and adaptation of progress toward a Sprint Goal at least every calendar month. Sprints also limit risk to one calendar month of cost.
Can additional people attend the Sprint Planning meeting?
The Development Team may also invite other people to attend to provide technical or domain advice.
What is the Product Backlog?
The Product Backlog is an ordered list of everything that might be needed in the product and is the single source of requirements for any changes to be made to the product.
Who is responsible for monitoring progress towards Goals?
The Product Owner
Who is responsible for creation of the Definition of "Done"?
The Scrum Team
How does the product owner communicate his marketplace knowledge to the Scrum Team?
The Sprint Review
Which meetings can the key stakeholders participate?
The Sprint Review
Who is allowed to participate in the Daily Scrum?
The development team
Who makes the Sprint Backlog?
The development team
Who tracks the Sprint backlog?
The development team tracks the total work remaining at least for every Daily Scrum to project the likelihood of achieving the Sprint Goal.
What best describes the relationships of the Product Owner and the stakeholders?
The product owner actively asks for stakeholder input and expectations to process into the Product Backlog
Why are prescribed events used in Scrum?
To create regularity and to minimize the need for meetings not defined in Scrum
T/F: The product backlog is reordered following input from the stakeholders at the Sprint Review
True
Product Backlog refinement is: a. An ongoing process in which the Product Owner and the Development Team collaborate on b. Carried out once per Sprint c. The concern of the Product Owner d. a scrum events
a
What is the essence of scrum?
a small team of people that is highly flexible and adaptive.
What is planning poker?
an agile estimating and planning technique that is consensus based
What is a Burn-down chart?
graphical representation of work left to do versus time
What happens if a Sprint is too long?
he definition of what is being built may change, complexity may rise, and risk may increase.
The product owner may ensure value is created by maximizing: a. customer satisfaction b. users on the latest version product c. employee satisfation d. return on investment
not a
The Product Owner should track the value delivered by the Development Team as a minimum: a. once per sprint b. after each daily scrum c. oncer per release d. once a week
not b or d
Which of the following is not allowed by scrum? a. velocity tracking b. release planning c. refactoring d. hardening sprints
not c or b
What is a burn up chart?
tracks progress towards a projects completion. They have two lines: a total work line and a work completed line
What is the structure of the Daily Scrum?
The structure of the meeting is set by the Development Team and can be conducted in different ways if it focuses on progress toward the Sprint Goal.
What could cause changes in the Product Backlog?
changes in business requirements, market conditions, or technology
What is the optimal size of the development team?
small enough to remain nimble and large enough to complete a significant work within a Sprint. 3-9
What is the Sprint Backlog?
the Product Backlog items selected for this Sprint plus the plan for delivering them
What is product backlog refinement?
the act of adding detail, estimates, and order to items in the Product Backlog.
What is the Spring Backlog?
the set of Product Backlog items selected for the Sprint, plus a plan for delivering the product Increment and realizing the Sprint Goal.
What is the Scrum Masters role during sprint planning?
Ensures that the event takes place and that attendants understand its purpose. Teaches the Scrum Team to keep it within the time-box.
Scrum Master service to the Product Owner
Ensuring that goals, scope, and product domain are understood by everyone on the Scrum Team as well as possible; Finding techniques for effective Product Backlog management; Helping the Scrum Team understand the need for clear and concise Product Backlog items; Understanding product planning in an empirical environment; Ensuring the Product Owner knows how to arrange the Product Backlog to maximize value; Understanding and practicing agility; and, Facilitating Scrum events as requested or needed.
What does transparency mean in scrum?
Significant aspects of the process must be visible to those responsible for the outcome. Transparency requires those aspects be defined by a common standard so observers share a common understanding of what is being seen.
Characteristics of the development team are:
- Self-organizing - Cross-functional - No titles for development team members - No sub-teams - members may have specialized skills but accountability belongs to the development team as a whole
How does the scrum master participate in the Sprint retrospective?
- ensures that the meeting is positive and productive - teaches all to keep it within the time-box - participates as a peer team member in the meeting from the accountability over the Scrum process. - ensures that the event takes place and that attendants understand its purpose. - encourages the Scrum Team to improve its development process and practices to make it more effective and enjoyable for the next Sprint.
What does the product owner do for the Sprint Review?
- explains what Product Backlog items have been "Done" and what has not been "Done" -discusses the Product Backlog as it stands. He or she projects likely target and delivery dates based on progress to date (if needed);
What are the benefits of daily scrum meetings?
- improves communication - eliminates other meetings - identifies impediments to development for removal - highlight and promote quick decision-making - improve the development team's level of knowledge
Characteristics of the Product Backlog:
- never complete - evolves as the product and the environment in which it will be used evolves. - dynamic - constantly changes to identify what the product needs to be appropriate, competitive, and useful. - If a product exists, its Product Backlog also exists.
Why are there artifacts in Scrum?
- represent work or value to provide transparency and opportunities for inspection and adaptation. - to maximize transparency of key information so that everybody has the same understanding of the artifact.
What are the outcomes of the Sprint retrospective?
- the Scrum Team plans ways to increase product quality by improving work processes or adapting the definition of "Done", if appropriate and not in conflict with product or organizational standards. - Identified improvements that it will implement in the next Sprint.
The Daily Scrum is how long and how often?
-15 min time-boxed event -held every day of the Sprint
What is the purpose of the Sprint retrospective?
-Inspect how the last Sprint went with regards to people, relationships, process, and tools; -Identify and order the major items that went well and potential improvements; and, -Create a plan for implementing improvements to the way the Scrum Team does its work.
What does the Scrum Master do for the daily scrum?
-ensures the meeting is held - teaches the dev team to keep it within the 15 minute time-box
What does inspection mean in scrum?
-must frequently inspect Scrum artifacts and progress toward a Sprint Goal - inspection should not get in the way of work - most beneficial when performed by skilled inspectors
What are the scrum values?
1. Commitment 2. Courage 3. Focus 4. Openness 5. Respect
When should inspection and adaptation happen?
1. Sprint Planning 2. Daily Scrum 3. Sprint Review 4. Sprint Retrospective
What are the two questions to be answered during the sprint planning?
1. What can be delivered in the increment resulting from the upcoming sprint? 2. How will the work needed to deliver the increment be achieved?
Refinement usually consumes no more than _____% of the capacity of the development team
10
How long is the Sprint Review?
4-hour meeting, for shorter sprints, the event is usually shorter
What is the result of the Sprint Review?
A revised Product Backlog that defines the probable Product Backlog items for the next Sprint
What is The Sprint?
A time-box of one month or less during which a "Done," usable, and potentially releasable product Increment is created. Sprints have consistent durations throughout a development effort.
What happens when a Sprint is cancelled?
Any completed and "Done" Product Backlog items are reviewed. If part of the work is potentially releasable, the Product Owner typically accepts it. All incomplete Product Backlog Items are re-estimated and put back on the Product Backlog. The work done on them depreciates quickly and must be frequently re-estimated.
Product Backlog management includes:
Clearly expressing Product Backlog items; Ordering the items in the Product Backlog to best achieve goals and missions; Optimizing the value of the work the Development Team performs; Ensuring that the Product Backlog is visible, transparent, and clear to all, and shows what the Scrum Team will work on next; and, Ensuring the Development Team understands items in the Product Backlog to the level needed.
Scrum Master Service to the Development Team
Coaching the Development Team in self-organization and cross-functionality; Helping the Development Team to create high-value products; Removing impediments to the Development Team's progress; Facilitating Scrum events as requested or needed; and, Coaching the Development Team in organizational environments in which Scrum is not yet fully adopted and understood.
Who picks the number of items from the Product Backlog for the upcoming sprint during Sprint Planning?
Development team
What is the job of the product owner during the Sprint Planning?
Discusses the objective that the Sprint should achieve and the Product Backlog items that, if completed in the Sprint, would achieve the Sprint Goal. The Product Owner can help to clarify the selected Product Backlog items and make trade-offs. If the Development Team determines it has too much or too little work, it may renegotiate the selected Product Backlog items with the Product Owner.
How is the product backlog organized?
Higher ordered Product Backlog items are usually clearer and more detailed than lower ordered ones. More precise estimates are made based on the greater clarity and increased detail; the lower the order, the less detail
What does adaptation mean in scrum?
If an inspector determines that one or more aspects of a process deviate outside acceptable limits, and that the resulting product will be unacceptable, the process or the material being processed must be adjusted. An adjustment must be made as soon as possible to minimize further deviation.
What is the Sprint Review?
It is when the Scrum Team and stakeholders inspect the outcome of the Sprint and figure out what to do in the upcoming Sprint. An informal meeting, not a status meeting, and the presentation of the Increment is intended to elicit feedback and foster collaboration.
Scrum Master service to the Organization
Leading and coaching the organization in its Scrum adoption; Planning Scrum implementations within the organization; Helping employees and stakeholders understand and enact Scrum and empirical product development; Causing change that increases the productivity of the Scrum Team; and, Working with other Scrum Masters to increase the effectiveness of the application of Scrum in the organization.
How long is the Sprint retrospective?
Max 3 hours
Is scrum a process, technique or definitive method?
NO, its a framework
During the sprint:
No changes are made that would endanger the Sprint Goal; Quality goals do not decrease; and, Scope may be clarified and re-negotiated between the Product Owner and Development Team as more is learned.
Can a sprint be shortened or lengthened after it beings?
No, after a Sprint begins, its duration is fixed
If there is multiple scrum teams working together on the same product, how do they work together?
One Product Backlog is used to describe the upcoming work on the product. A Product Backlog attribute that groups items may then be employed.
Who can cancel a Sprint?
Only the Product Owner has the authority to cancel the Sprint, although he or she may do so under influence from the stakeholders, the Development Team, or the Scrum Master.
What is the input for the Sprint Planning meeting?
Product Backlog, the latest product Increment, projected capacity of the Development Team during the Sprint, and past performance of the Development Team.
The Scrum team consists of:
Product Owner, Development Team, Scrum Master
What does Scrum consist of?
Roles, Events, Artifacts, and Rules
What are two characteristics of the Scrum Team?
Self-Organizing: choose how best to accomplish their work, rather than being directed by others outside the team. Cross-functional: have all competencies needed to accomplish the work without depending on others not part of the team.
What does the Sprint consist of?
Sprint planning, daily scrum, the development work, the sprint review, and print retrospective
Who creates the increment?
The Development Team members only
What does the development team do during the daily scrum?
The Development Team uses the Daily Scrum to inspect progress toward the Sprint Goal and to inspect how progress is trending toward completing the work in the Sprint Backlog.
What does the product backlog list?
The Product Backlog lists all features, functions, requirements, enhancements, and fixes that constitute the changes to be made to the product in future releases.
Who is responsible for the Product Backlog?
The Product Owner
Who is the sole person responsible for managing the product backlog?
The Product Owner
Who creates the Sprint Goal?
The Scrum Team
What is the Sprint Retrospective?
The Sprint Retrospective is an opportunity for the Scrum Team to inspect itself and create a plan for improvements to be enacted during the next Sprint.
Who can refine the product backlog?
The product owner and the development team
Who can change an item on the product backlog?
The product owner only
Who manages the product backlog?
The product owner or the development team but the Product Owner remains accountable
What is an increment?
The sum of all the Product Backlog items completed during a Sprint and the value of the increments of all previous Sprints
What is planned by the development team during the Sprint Planning meeting?
Work planned for the first days of the Sprint by the Development Team is decomposed by the end of this meeting, often to units of one day or less. The Development Team self-organizes to undertake the work in the Sprint Backlog, both during Sprint Planning and as needed throughout the Sprint.
Is a "Done" increment required at the Sprint Review?
Yes
Do you need to use all aspect of Scrum to be effective?
Yes, each component within the framework serves a specific purpose and is essential to Scrum's success and usage
Can the Sprint Backlog be changed?
Yes, the development team can modify it throughout the Sprint. As new work is required, the development team adds it to the Sprint Backlog.
What is the Sprint Goal?
an objective that will be met within the Sprint through the implementation of the Product Backlog, and it provides guidance to the Development Team on why it is building the Increment.
What is one thing in the Sprint Backlog that ensures continuous improvement?
at least one high priority process improvement identified in the previous Retrospective meeting.
When is the Sprint Review held?
at the end of the Sprint to inspect the increment and adapt the Product Backlog if needed
What attributes does product backlog items have?
description, order, estimate, and value. Often include test descriptions that will prove its completeness when "Done"
What does the scrum master do for the Sprint review?
ensures that the event takes place and that attendees understand its purpose. Teaches everyone to keep it in the time-box
What does time-boxed mean?
every event has a maximum duration
What does it mean when an increment is "Done"?
it must be in useable condition and meet the Scrum Team's definition of "Done"
What is the Product Owner responsible for?
maximizing the value of the product resulting from work of the Development Team
Is the product owner and scrum master roles included in the development team size?
no unless they are also executing the work of the Sprint Backlog
The team model in Scrum is designed to:
optimize flexibility, creativity, productivity
The Development Team consists of:
professionals who do the work of delivering a potentially releasable Increment of "Done" product at the end of each Sprint
The Scrum master is responsible for:
promoting and supporting Scrum as defined in the Scrum Guide. Helping everyone understand Scrum theory, practices, rules and values. Helps those outside the Scrum team understand which of their interactions with the scrum Team are helpful and which aren't.
What happens if you don't include on event in Scrum?
reduces transparency and is a lost opportunity to inspect and adapt
What does the words "develop" and "development" mean in the Scrum Guide?
they refer to complex work
Sprint Planning
time-boxed event of 8 hours, or less, to start a Sprint. It serves for the Scrum Team to inspect the work from the Product Backlog that's most valuable to be done next and design that work into Sprint backlog.
What are the different uses for Scrum?
to develop software, hardware, embedded software, networks of interacting function, autonomous vehicles, schools, government, marketing, managing the operation of organizations and almost everything we use in our daily lives, as individuals and societies
Why do SCRUM teams deliver products incrementally and iteratively?
to maximize opportunities for feedback. Incremental deliveries of "Done" product ensure a potentially useful version of working product is always available.
Why is the Daily Scrum held at the same time and same place?
to reduce complexity
What pillars uphold every implementation of empirical process control in Scrum?
transparency, inspection, adaptation
