Sect 3: Food Safety & Supply Topic B

T/F: In the US there is now a gluten-free labeling law that went into effect in September 2014.

TRUE

T/F: Intolerance to the disaccharide lactose is the most common ARF.

TRUE

T/F: Lactose intolerance in adulthood is caused by reduced production of lactase after infancy.

TRUE

T/F: Most specialty GF products are not fortified with iron, folate, and other B vitamins like other grain products.

TRUE

T/F: The prevalence of lactose intolerance is lowest in populations with a long history of dependence on unfermented milk products as an important food source.

TRUE

What estimated percent of the world's population is lactose intolerant?

65-75%

What cause the GI tract to not properly digest lactose?

Malabsorption of lactose is due to a deficiency of lactase, the enzyme that digests the sugar in milk.

What does ARF stand for?

Adverse reactions to food

Which ethnic group is predominately affected by Celiac disease?

Non-Hispanic whites

If a person follows a non-dairy diet, what nutrients should they be supplementing?

Persons who avoid dairy products may need calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Or look to non-dairy sources of these nutrients.

What are the most common sources of gluten contamination?

1. Toasters 2. Bulk bins 2. Condiment jars 3. Buffet lines 4. Deep-fried foods

What is gluten?

A specific peptide fractions of proteins found in wheat, rye, and barley.

What are the other names for lactose intolerance?

Alactasia Dairy product intolerance Hypolactasia Lactose malabsorption Milk sugar intolerance

What are some of the common health problems caused by Celiac Disease?

Anemias, generalized fatigue, weight loss or failure to thrive, osteoporosis, vitamin or mineral deficiencies, and skin rash.

Currently, what is the only way to treat Celiac Disease?

Elimination of gluten peptides from the diet and lifelong, strict adherence to a gluten-free diet is the only known treatment.

T/F: If a person has hypolactasia they need to follow a strict lactose-free diet.

FALSE: A completely lactose-free diet is not necessary in lactase-deficient persons. Most lactose maldigestion can consume some lactose (up to 12 g/day) without major symptoms.

T/F: Dietary supplements are NOT covered under FALCPA regulations, so wheat doesn't have to be clearly listed as an ingredient in a vitamin, mineral, or herbal supplement.

FALSE: Dietary supplements are covered under this act.

T/F: Gluten Intolerance and Celiac Disease are the same disorder.

FALSE: Gluten intolerance describes individuals who have symptoms and who may or may not have CD.

T/F: Gluten is listed as an additive in OTC and prescription medications.

FALSE: The labeling requirements of the Food Allergen and Consumer Protection Act of 2004 (FALCPA) do not apply to medications.

T/F: Gluten Sensitivity and Celiac Disease are the same disorder.

FALSE: The term gluten sensitivity is used commonly to describe persons with nonspecific symptoms, without the immune response characteristic of CD or the consequential intestinal damage.

What are the types of ARFs?

Food allergies and food intolerances, both of which can result in distressing symptoms and adversely affect health.

What is the name of the enzyme produced by cells in the small intestine that is responsible for digesting lactose?

Lactase

Define lactose intolerance

Lactose intolerance is an impaired ability to digest lactose, a sugar found in milk and other dairy products.

How can someone better manage their hypolactasia?

Management of lactose intolerance requires dietary change. The symptoms are alleviated by reduced consumption of lactose-containing foods.

T/F: An allergy to cow's milk and an intolerance to lactose are not the same health concern.

TRUE

T/F: Celiac Disease and Lactose Intolerance are both considered diseases of the small intestine.

TRUE

T/F: Fermented milk products, such as aged cheeses and yogurts, are well tolerated because their lactose content is low.

TRUE

T/F: Gluten-containing grains are not only used as primary ingredients in many products but also may be added during processing or preparation of foods.

TRUE

T/F: communion wafers, OTC/prescription meds, lipstick, mouthwash, and toothpaste are some examples of products that may contain gluten.

TRUE

For a person with Celiac Disease, what are the possible results of gluten-free diet adherence?

The GF diet greatly diminishes the autoimmune process, and the intestinal mucosa usually reverts to normal or near normal. Within 2 to 8 weeks of starting the GF diet, most patients report that their clinical symptoms have abated. The healing of the intestinal mucosa that occurs after initiation of a GF diet improves nutrient absorption.

What happens when Celiac Disease remains untreated?

The immune and inflammatory response eventually results in atrophy and flattening of villi. Over time, the process can cause enough damage to the intestinal mucosa to compromise normal secretory, digestive, and absorptive functions, leading to impaired micronutrient and macronutrient absorption.

Which ethnic groups have a high prevalence of lactose intolerance?

The majority of adults of Asian, African, Latino, and Native American descent.

What does the gluten-free labeling law enforce?

This law states that all food carrying a gluten-free claim also must contain below 20 mg of gluten per kg of food, including from cross-contact.

Why can yogurt sometimes be better tolerated in people with lactose malabsorption?

Tolerance of yogurt may be the result of a microbial galactosidase in the bacterial culture that facilitates lactose digestion in the intestine.

What is a food allergy?

an immune system response that is triggered when a food is eaten by a person who has been sensitized to it.

What are the symptoms of lactose intolerance?

bloating, abdominal discomfort/pain, diarrhea and flatulence.