Section 3

think about abstract or hypothetical phenomenon.

A child who has reached the concrete operational stage still cannot

preconventional

A child who resolves moral dilemmas by focusing on the concrete rewards and punishments associated with each solution is likely in the _____ stage of moral development.

Thematic Apperception Test.

A person is shown an ambiguous picture and asked to tell a story about it. She is taking the

conscientiousness.

A person who is careless and disorganized most clearly ranks low on the Big Five trait dimension of:

collective unconscious.

According to Carl Jung, the ideas and feelings that we inherit from our human and non-human ancestors rest in the

competition; cooperation

According to Carol Gilligan, the moral reasoning of men is based on _____, and the moral reasoning of women is based on _____.

develop a personal identity.

According to Erikson, the primary goal in adolescence is to

intimacy.

According to Sternberg, our feelings of closeness and warmth in loving relationships are an example of:

experience castration anxiety.

According to psychoanalytic theory, boys learn to suppress their sexual interests in the mother when they

preconscious.

According to psychoanalytic theory, information that is not threatening and can be easily brought into awareness is stored in the

genetic anomalies.

All of the following are considered teratogens except

They only refer to nonverbal behaviors and body language

All of the following are true about display rules except

conventional

Danielle is faced with a decision of cheating on a paper to receive a higher grade, or not cheating and earning a low grade. She reasons that if she cheats on the paper, then she may be caught by her professor, and the consequences would give her sorority a bad reputation. She decides not to cheat. According to Kohlberg, Danielle is likely in the _____ stage of moral development.

industry-versus-inferiority

During the _____ stage, children become particularly interested in mastering their social interactions and academic skills.

erogenous zones.

During the early psychosexual stages, the id's psychic energy is focused on:

teratogens.

Environmental factors that can cross the placental barrier and contribute to birth defects are known as

need; drive

Food deprivation is to ________ as hunger is to ________.

Testosterone must be present.

For an embryo to develop male genitalia, what must occur?

increases; facial feedback hypothesis

If you are in a bad mood but have to go to work, you might find that pretending to be in a good mood and smiling _____ your mood. This would be support for the ________ of emotion

gender role.

In Yajeh's culture, it is inappropriate for women to express sexual interest in men. Instead, women must wait until they are approached by men. This expectation of women is a(n)

trust-versus-mistrust

In the _____ stage, it is important that a child's physical and psychological needs are consistently met and that they have positive interactions with the people and events in their world.

assimilation.

Interpreting new experiences in terms of existing schemas is called:

sublimated into

It is not unusual for adolescents to participate in clubs and sports during their middle- and high school years. Some psychologists suggest that adolescents channel their increased sexual impulses into these more socially acceptable activities. According to these psychologists, sexual energy is ______ participation in clubs and sports.

autonomy-versus-shame-and-doubt

Jamie is an overly protective mother, and she maintains close control over her baby's activities. According to Erikson, Jamie's behavior will be most damaging during the ______ stage.

Schachter-Singer Theory 2 factor theory.

Jonathan is watching a movie, and the actors say something that could be either funny or upsetting. Other people in the audience begin laughing, so Jonathan begins laughing and concludes the dialogue must be funny. This example illustrates the

id.

Katie has difficulty controlling her aggression. Whenever someone annoys her, Katie will often hit or kick that person. Such an extreme response suggests that Katie is dominated by her

plateau

Leah and her partner are having sex. Leah's clitoris has begun swelling from increased blood flow, and she is developing a red rash on her chest. She is most likely in the _____ phase.

the aspect of cognitive development relating to how an individual reasons about moral decisions.

Moral reasoning refers to:

vision

Of the following senses, which is LEAST developed at birth?

the interaction of genetic and environmental influences explain behavior better than just focusing on either genetics or the environment.

On the nature-nurture issue, most developmental psychologist believe that

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2.

One of the most widely used self-report measures is the

may lead to stereotyping about men and women's typical abilities.

One problem with gender roles is that they

self-efficacy; self-esteem

Personal capabilities are components of _____, and personal evaluations are components of _____.

someone who is similar in physical attractiveness, status, ethnicity, beliefs, and values.

Psychological research has shown that, in general, people are most likely to marry:

drive reduction.

Psychologists have used four perspectives in their efforts to explain motivation. These include an emphasis on instincts, optimum arousal, a hierarchy of motives, and:

motivation.

Psychologists who are interested in the forces that drive human behavior are interested in

consciously express feelings that are the opposite of unacceptable unconscious impulses.

Reaction formation refers to the process by which people:

authoritarian and uninvolved parenting styles.

Research suggests that the worst outcomes for children are associated with

sensorimotor stage.

Stephanie is playing with a ball when it rolls down a flight of stairs and out of sight. She makes no attempt to find the ball. Stephanie is still in the

phallic stage.

The Oedipal conflict is the developmental crisis that occurs in the

theory proposing that children progress through distinct stages of cognitive development.

The Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget is best known for his:

companionate love.

The affectionate attachment that keeps a relationship going after passionate feelings cool is known as:

Cannon-Bard Theory.

The belief that physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously is consistent with the

boys are permitted to have premarital sex, but girls are not.

The double standard as it typically relates to sex holds that

use abstract reasoning.

The hallmark of the formal operational stage is the ability to

facial feedback theory.

The idea that holding a particular facial expression will lead to a person feeling emotions in keeping with that facial expression is called the

Karen Horney.

The idea that women do not envy men's penises, but rather the power that is associated with being male in a male-dominated society was proposed by

display rules.

The norms that govern how and when emotions may be expressed are called

personality.

The pattern of enduring traits that lead people to act in the same ways over time and in different situations is known as

the pleasure principle and the reality principle.

The relationship between the id and the ego is similar to the relationship between

describing; explaining

Trait theorists are more concerned with ________ personality than ________ it.

excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution

What is the correct sequence of stages in Master and Johnson's sexual response model?

emotions.

When we experience feelings that have both physiological and cognitive components and those feelings influence our behavior, we are experiencing

the influence of cohort effects on the data

Which of the following is not a weakness that is specific to longitudinal research designs?

zygote, embryo, fetus

Which of the following is the correct developmental sequence following conception?

safety, belonging, esteem, self-actualization

Which of the following is the correct sequence of needs in Maslow's hierarchy?

the social-cognitive perspective

Which perspective most clearly emphasizes that our personalities help create the situations to which we react?

humanistic theorists

Which psychologists are most likely to criticize standardized personality tests for failing to capture the unique subjective experience of the individual personality?

"The components of the human personality are generally balanced."

Which statement would Sigmund Freud least likely make?

rape.

While at a party, Lee forces Sheryl to perform oral-genital sex even though she really does not want to do so. Sheryl is the victim of

Passionate

_____ love is a style that is defined by high physiological arousal, psychological interest, and concern for the needs of one's partner.

the expression of basic emotions may be universal.

Research on emotions and culture suggests that

slow to warm up.

All of the following are style of attachment except

secure attachment; insecure attachment

Warm and responsive parenting is to _____ as neglectful and insensitive parenting is to _____.

rooting reflex.

Whenever Kelli touches her neonate on the cheek, he turns his head and looks at the hand with which she touches him. This is known as the

anxious

Which of the following emotion words will appear last in a child's vocabulary?

The sample size was too small.

Which of the following is a criticism of Masters &Johnson's studies of sexual behavior?

Some adults never reach all the stages.

Which of the following is not a criticism of Piaget's theory?

achievement

Which of the following is not a primary drive?

identification

Which of the following is not a stage in Kübler-Ross's stage model of dying?

sexual drives are central to personality development.

Contemporary psychodynamic theorists are most likely to disagree with Freud's assumption that:

weeks 2-8.

The embryonic period lasts from