Sensory

what are 2 types of nystagmus dysfunction

-pendular (smooth/ rhythmic movement of the eye) -jerk (jerky movements of the eye)

proprioception is necessary for what 3 things?

1. balance 2. coordinated movement 3. muscular contraction

proprioception depends on impulses from what 3 things?

1. inner ear 2. receptors in joints 3. ligaments

Hemianopia definition

A perceptual problem. characterized by defective vision or blindness in half of the visual field.

wet AMD

Abnormal blood vessels grow under the macula and can leak blood and fluid, raising the macula and impairing central vision. As the macula is displaced, straight lines may look wavy

how is hearing conducted

Bony and membranous labyrinths transmit sound waves through the cochlea to the division of the eighth cranial nerve.

trachoma is caused by what

Chlamydia trachomatis

definition of vestibular nystagmus and what causes it

Constant, involuntary eyeball movement caused by ear disturbances

color blindness is associated with what genetically

X-linked recessive trait

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

a condition in which the macula degenerates, gradually causing central vision loss due to accumulation in the deep retinal layer or constant brightness

red reflex

a response caused by light illuminating the retina -doesn't occur if pathway is blocked (cataracts)

parosmia definition

abnormal or perverted sense of smell

ageusia definition

absence of taste

allergic conjunctivitis description

burning, gritty sensation in eyes, itchy

dry AMD

causes deposits of yellow-colored extracellular material within the macula of the eye, causing possible atrophy of the retina and a gradual loss of central vision

Scotoma definition

circumscribed defect of central field of vision

cataracts define

cloudy or opaque area in ocular lens and leads to visual loss

anosmia definition

complete loss of smell

homonymous hemianopsia definition

complete loss of vision in the inner one-half of one eye and the outer one-half of the other eye

acute otitis media with effusion is which kind of hearing loss

conductive hearing loss

organ of corti definition

contains hair cells (hearing receptors) within the cochlea

Hypogeusia defintion

decrease in taste sensation

when children have conductive hearing loss for extended amounts of time, what can happen

delayed speech

strabismus definition

deviation of one eye from the other

ptosis definition

drooping of the eyelid

is wet or dry AMD the most common

dry

Papilledema definition

edema of the optic nerve caused by increased intracranial pressure

entropion definition

eyelid malposition where the eye lid turns inwards against the eyeball

hyperopia definition

farsightedness; blurry close vision, clear far away

external ear is only involved in what

hearing

inner ear is involved in what

hearing and equilibrium

olfactory hallucinations arise from what

hyperactivity in cortical neurons -results in smelling odors that are really present

Meiniere's disease definition and why it happens

idiopathic episodic vestibular disorder (chronic ringing) resulting from abnormalities of the endolymph in middle ear

sensorineural hearing loss definition

impaired organ of Corti or its central connections

hyposmia definition

impaired sense of smell

otitis media is caused by what

inadequate drainage of fluid behind the tympanic membrane, causing bacteria to grow

Glaucoma definition

increased intraocular pressure above the normal pressure of 12-20mm Hg due to inadequate fluid drainage

hordeolum (stye) definition

infection of sebaceous glands of the eyelids

Keratitis definition

inflammation of the cornea

Blepharitis definition

inflammation of the eyelids

Nystagmus definition

involuntary unilateral or bilateral rhythmic movement of the eyes

amblyopia is also called what

lazy eye

Presbyopia definition

loss of accommodation in older adults (age related change of the eye)

Presbycusis definition

loss of hearing for sounds in high-frequency range -age related hearing loss

what parts of the ear are found in the middle ear

malleus, incus, stapes, oval window, eustachian tubes, and fluid

myopia definition

nearsightedness; blurry distance vision, clear close vision

functional hearing loss definition

no cause for why their is hearing loss

chalazion definition

noninfectious lipogranuloma (deposit) of the meibomian gland

meibomian gland

oil glands found in the upper and lower edges of the eyelids that help lubricate the eye

vestibular nystagmus is an overstimulation off what

overstimulated semicircular canal system

parageusia definition

perversion of taste in which substances possess an unpleasant flavor

what parts of the ear are found in the external ear

pinna, auditory canal, and tympanic membrane

otitis externa is caused by what

prolonged exposure to moisture (swimmers ear)

acute bacterial conjunctivitis description

purulent drainage, redness, treat with antibiotic drops

retinoblastoma definition

rare congenital eye tumor of young children -displays cat's eye reflex and strabismus

Amblyopia

reduction or dimness of vision for unknown reasons

Tinnitus definition

ringing in the ears

which structures are involved in equilibrium

semicircular canals and vestibule through equilibrium receptors

definition of proprioception

sense of position of the body and its parts - spatial sense

otoliths definition

small pieces of calcium salts

conductive hearing loss definition

sound waves cannot be conducted through the middle ear

definition of vertigo and which part of the ear is effected

spinning sensation due to inflammation of the ears semicircular canals

accommodation

the process by which the thickness of the lens changes

middle ear is involved with what

transmitting sound to the inner ear

diplopia definition

type of a strabismus dysfunction resulting in double vision

Astigmatism definition

unequal curvature of the cornea

otitis media is more common (especially in kids) when combined with what

upper respiratory infection

viral conjunctivitis description

watery drainage, red eyes, "cold of the eye", can't do anything to treat

is wet or dry AMD the most severe

wet

acute otitis media with effusion definition

when their's fluid on the other side of the tympanic membrane but no signs of infection

peripheral neuropathies definition

where is the body in relation to itself, helps with balance