Six Sigma Green belt practice Exam

For the Linear Regression data shown below to support Least Squeares methods, the B0 is equal to: n,x,y,x^2,xy,y2 1,8,1,64,8,1 2,16,3,256,48,9 3,32,9,1024,288,81 4,64,27,4096,1728,729 5,24,5,576,120,25 total, 144,45,6016,2195,845 1. 4.808 2. the inverse of b1 3.0.48 4. -4.808

-4.808 (45/5 - (0.479452) (144/5) = 9 -13.808217= 4.808)

If a company produces 100 compressors and 5 compressors have 2 defects each, what is the defects/unit(DPU) produced. A) 0.01 B) 5 C)95 D)0.10

.10 (5 compressors * 2 defects each)/ (100 produced ) = 0.1 DPU

A total of 5,000 pins were manufactured on the machine. 200 pins had a total of 600 defects. 4,800 pins were packed at the end of the line. What are the defects per unit (DPU) and throughput yield for this process? 1.2 DPU and 88% throughput yield 0.12 DPU and 89% throughput yield 0.04 DPU and 96% throughput yield 1 DPU and 96% throughput yield

0.12 DPU and 89% throughput yield (600/5000 = 0.12 DPU e- 0.12 = 8.9 throughput yield)

Given a process statistical control with X_bar = 20 and R_bar = 3 calculate Cpk if the specifications are 19+=6. The subgroup size is 3 1. 0.19 2. 1.32 3. 5 4. 0.9416

0.9416 (Note first that the average is over the target so we will calculate Cpk using the USL. For a subgroup size of 3, d2 = 1.693 sigma = R_bar/d_2 = 3/1.693 = 1.77 Cpk = (USL - X_bar) / (3sigma) = 25-20/ 3*1.77 )

The reliability of each independent component during a certain time is .99. What is the reliability of the following system. one box leading to two perrell boxes. 0.99(1-01.02] 0.99[0.992] 0.99[2(0.99)] 0.99[2(0.99)-0.992]

0.99[2(0.99)-0.992] (P(a1).P(parallel); P(Parallel) = P(A2)+P(A3) - P(A2 &A3) = 2P(A) - P(A)^2

In an experimental design, there are 8 machines that are run by 4 operators where the switching mechanism with 2 positions will be observed. Identify the maximum number of factors in this experiment. 1. 2 2. 4 3. 8 4. 3

3 (machine, operator and switching mechanism)

An insurance company is attempting to address minor issues with its claim payment process. If it choose to use the PDSA cycle popularized by deming, what would be the correct order of steps to take? 1. Implement the desired changes with a pilot program 2. Measure the performance of the modified process 3. Identify what changes to the claims process should be made. 4.Integrate successful results into the existing claims process.

3,1,2,4 (Plan Do Study Act)

Which of the following tools is used to identify a process? 1. SPC(Statistical process control) 2.DMAIC 3.QFD (Quality Function Deployment) 4.SIPOC(Suppliers, input, process, output, customer)

4. SIPOC (SIPOC is a tool used to identify a process and all associated elements. SIPOC is an acronym for suppliers, inputs, process, output, customers.)

For the linear regression data shown belowto support Least Squares methods, the Sxy is equal to n,x,y,x^2,xy,y2 1,8,1,64,8,1 2,16,3,256,48,9 3,32,9,1024,288,81 4,64,27,4096,1728,729 5,24,5,576,120,25 total, 144,45,6016,2195,845 1. 0.48 2.440 3.1868.8 4.896

896 (sxy = 2192 -144*45/5= 896)

If events A and B are mutually exclusive, then how does this impact the occurrence of A and B? 1. P(A - B) - P(B) 2. P(AnB) = P(A)P(B) 3. At least on of them will occur 4. A and B cannot occur simultaneously.

A and B cannot occur simultaneously (In mutually exclusive relationships , A and B cannot occur at the same time. It means: P(A n B) = 0

Which of the following is an example of a process that can benefit from applying value stream mapping to identify waste in space? 1. A production process that requires moving parts from the warehouse to a staging area, then to the production floor for assembly 2.A raw materials release process requires the approvals of the purchasing, production, and warehouse managers? 3. A metal plating process producing excessive scrap parts as a result of a poor maintenance program. 4. a production unit requires the storage of metal parts awaiting rework on the shop floor.

A production unit requires the storage of metal parts awaiting rework on the shop floor. (Storage is a type of waste associated with space. Value stream mapping can be used to identify such waste.)

A control plan is best defined as: 1.The natural boundaries of a process within specified confidence levels, expressed as the upper control limit and the lower control limit 2. A solution meant to reduce or eliminate an identified problem 3. A document specifically details the level of compensation that each stakeholder should receive after the process ahs been improved. 4. A written description of the method for controlling part and process quality by addressing key characteristics and engineering requirements.

A written description of the method for controlling part and process quality by addressing key characteristics and engineering requirements. (A control plan provides a documented description of the direct relationship between any highlighted characteristic and their controlling process setting or parameter. )

What are the two optional stages in a project-driven team? 1. Performing and adjourning 2. Forming and storming 3. Storming and norming 4. Adjourning and recognition.

Adjourning and recognition (Adjourning and recognition are additional stages in a project -driven team since project teams ahve a beginning and an end. )

Which of the following quality management tools would best help a team to organize and summarize a natural grouping of a large number of ideas and issues. 1.Interrelationship diagraph 2.Tree diagram 3.Activity network diagram 4.affinity diagram.

Affinity diagram (Affinity diagram helps teams logically group many brainstorming concepts into higher level buckets for further analysis. )

A six sigma green belt is creating a control plan for a manufacturing process. What should the six sigma green belt consider. Where is the material stored What is the delivery rate for the material How many parts will be produced per hour Are packing issues for the part addressed.

Are packing issues for the part addressed? (The packaging may also need to be inspected)

An agile project team decided to use the expert judgment project estimation technique based on three points estimate in an agile environment. Which factors should be considered. 1.Regression Analysis 2. Planning Poker 3. Lead time, Throughout work in Process 4.Best case, worst case and most likely scenarios.

Best case, Worst case and most likely Scenarios (Best case, Worst Case and most likely Scenarios are the 3 points that are used in the formula W + (4M) +6 )

A long coil of coated wire is being inspected. The number of defects or breakdowns in successive lengths of 1,000 feet each is being recorded. Itis desirable to take advantage of the equal (Constant size subgroup of 1,000 feet. which control chart is most appropriate to use?) p np u c

C chart (C chart is appropriate when the statistic of interest is the number of occurrences of an attribute for a given area of opportunity, where the area of opportunity remains constant for all subgroups Pchart is appropriate only when the statistic in question is the proportion of nonconforming items out of the total number of items inspected. U chart is only the most appropriate when the statistic of interest is the ratio of the number of occurrences of an attribute to the area of opportunity which varies from subgroup to subgroup.

Which chart would you use to track the number of defects found per identical printed circuit board inspected? u chart X_bar R chart np chart C chart

C chart (These charts are concerned with the counts of whether an attribute is present (attribute data) and the sample size is constant.)

Calculate the RPNs and prioritize them for taking actions. Given: Severity-Occurence-Detection A= 8-5-4 B= 6-2-7 C= 3-7-10 A) A-C-B B) C-A-B C) B-C-A D ) A-B-C

C-A-B (C-A-B is the correct sequence. RPN for C is 210, RPN for A is 160, and B is 84. Generally the item with the highest RPN is given higher priority for taking action. RPN = S*O*D )

After obtaining the mean for all x-values and the mean for all y-values when calculating correlation coefficient, what is your next step. 1. Calculate x-x_bar, and y-y_bar for each pair (x.y) and then multiply those values together 2. Sum all the values and divide the sum by Sy x Sx 3. Sum all the values and divide the sum by Sx x Sy 4.Calculate the standard Deviation for all x-values and the standard deviation for all y -values.

Calculate the standard Deviation for all x-values and the standard deviation for all y -values (Calculating the standard deviation for all x-values and the standard deviation for all y-values is the 2nd step. the third step is calculate the x-x_bar and y-y_bar for each pair of (x.y) then its summ all values and divide by the sum of Sy x sX)

If a particular situation in a company requires the removal of organizational roadblocks and making sure that the team has proper resources, which Six Sigma role is most likely to act? 1. Process owner 2. Change agent 3.Black Belt 4. Champion

Champion (The main responsibilities of a Champion are to remove roadblocks and ensure the team has needs resources. )

A major airline is exploring the potential for expanding its operations into a Midwest city. For this purpose, it commissioned an internal team, and a team of external consultants to collect feedback from customers on their interest in the new route. Which of the following tools can ensure that both teams will collect consistent data? Control charts Stratification Design of Experiments Check sheets

Check Sheets (Check sheets are a structured, prepared form for collecting and analyzing data.)

Standardized national test scores for the schools in the Northwest district show mixed performance for students coming from various schools in the district. As a response to this, many of the schools in Northwest started a forum where they discuses the strengths and weaknesses of their educational methodologies, and share best practices. Which of the following describes the approach taken by these schools? 1.Brainstorming 2.Focus Groups 3. Standardization 4.Collaborative Benchmarking.

Collaborative Benchmarking

All of the points fall within the control limits and no unusual patterns are present. the control limits define the extent of: 1. Engineering tolerances 2. Special-cause variation 3. Assignable-cause variation 4. Common-cause variation

Common -cause variation ( W.Edwards Deming called the variation inherent in the process as common-cause variation because it is common to the whole process. )

A Six Sigma Green Belt is evaluating the correlation between two variables. She has heard that it is critical to be aware that correlation does not always imply causation. The best way to determine if there is a causation is to: Conduct an observational study or a well-designed experiment Plot the variables on a scatter plot Calculate the correlation coefficient, and if over 1, it is causation Make the independent variable the X-Variable

Conduct an observational study or a well-designed experiment (The best way to be certain that causation is part of correlation is to conduct an observational study or well-designed experiment.)

The most significant factor to be considered in establishing Six Sigma project metrics is: 1. Ease of measurement 2. Project timeline 3. Accuracy of measurement 4. Customer needs.

Customer needs (The linkage between project metrics and customer needs ensures that the focus of a project is on addressing customer needs.)

Identify two of the benefits of single-minute exchange of dies(SMED) 1. Decreased costs for purchasing dies and increased product 2. Decreased waiting time and increased quality. 3. Decreased changeover time and increased safety 4.Decreased inventory and increased capacity.

Decreased inventory and increased capacity. (SMED decreased the time to change dies, inceases capacity and throughput and improves on-time deliveries to customers. )

The degree of freedom for contingency table containing 3 rows and 4 colomns is : 12 11 7 6

Df = (r-1)(c-1) = 2 * 3 = 6

Attribute data are also referred to as: 1.Representative 2.Continuous 3. Variable 4. Discrete

Discrete (Discrete is also referred to as attribute data, which have only a few values.)

Devise a sampling plan for obtaining a representative moisture sample from an open top railcar of coal, where the contents are known to have changed and also stratified due to vibration and exposure during the 10 days of shipment. A) Draw a slipstream sample by taking a representative slice of the bulk material as the car is being unloaded being certain to capture all of the generated dust. B) Draw a quota sample with one sample off the top and from five more standardized depths in the railcar. C) Receive a certificate of analysis from the supplier of a sample properly collected from the entire load at the time of loading knowing that the coal got wet and dust blew off the open railcar. D) Draw a convenience sample from multiple points that can be easily accessed.

Draw a slipstream sample by taking a representative slice of the bulk material as the car is being unloaded being certain to capture all of the generated dust.

which of the following is the best reason a company will choose, all else being equal, projects that most positively impact profitability. 1. Profit allows an organization to purchase new machinery to meet increasing demand. 2. A company with profits can reward shareholders with quarterly dividends. 3. High profits in the present guarantee the long-term success of a company. 4. Earning profits allows a company to continue to work towards the goals of management.

Earning profits allows a company to continue to work towards the goals of management. (Profitability ensures an organization can remain an ongoing concern and work toward its goals, regardless of how it chooses to do so.)

When using a factorial design of experiments with K-factors (Each factor at two levels), what tools can be utilized to detect an aberrant value (very low probability of occurrences) 1. response curve 2. Yates' algorithm 3. Youden plot 4. Half-normal plot

Half-normal plot (A half-normal plot can be used to detect an aberrant value in this case. The Yates' algorithm is a rapid method for obtaining estimates of main effects and interactions for two level factorials. The Youden plot shows the systematic differences.

In a PERT chart, activities which may be done in parallel are indicated by which of the following. 1. Square activity boxes. 2.Colored line between activity boxes. 3. Dashed arrows between activity boxes. 4. Identical Predecessor steps.

Identical predecessor step (Parallel activities will have the same predecessor step)

A green belt is reviewing the raw materials ordering process at a read-to-eat food processor. She discovers that large quantities of ingredients are ordered and stored at different locations to be used at various steps. A visit to the processing floor shows congested and clattered space. The green belt creates a value stream map for the process and discusses it with the production manager, who says that buying large quantities is necessary to ensure availability of ingredients. Which of the following should be the focus of the green belt next? 1. Ensure proper storage conditions of the ingredients. 2. Review the purchase agreements with the suppliers for better prices based on ordered quantities. 3. Monitor and track expiry dates of ingredients. identify and reduce storage space waste on the processing floor.

Identify and reduce storage space waste on the processing floor (The key identified issue is the waste in storage space occupied by all the raw materials and how this can be managed.)

Comparison of the natural process range to the tolerance range tells you: 1. If the process is centered on target 2. That the process needs no adjustment 3. If the process actually meets the specifications 4. If the process is capable of meeting the specification

If the process is capable of meeting the specifications (If the natural process range is narrower than the tolerance range, then the process is capable of meeting specification albeit it might need retargeting. )

Twenty-one randomly selected managers in the healthcare industry were sampled with regard to their average bonus. A 95% confidence interval was calculated to be ($1,131,356, $4,824,123) which of the following interpretations is correct? 1. Within the population of managers in the healthcare industry, 95% of managers will have a bonus that fall in the interval $1,131,356 and $4,824,123 2. 95% of the sampled bonus values fell between $1,131,356 and $4,824,123 3. There is a 95% confident that the sample mean of mangers' bonuses fall in the interval $1,131,356 and $4,824,123 4. If we calculate the confidence interval 100 times (one of them is $1,131,356 and $4,824,123), almost 95 of them contain the population average of Managers' bonuses.

If we calculate the confidence interval 100 times (one of them is $1,131,356 and $4,824,123), almost 95 of them contain the population average of Managers' bonuses. (Based on sample evidence, we are 95% confident that the true, but unknown, population average for Managers' bonuses in the healthcare industry is between 1,131,356 and $4,824,123. this is an accurate interpretation of a confidence interval.)

If a team had a listing of multiple concerns and wanted to understand the cause and effect of each, the best tool for the team to use for this activity would be which of the following? A) Tree diagram B) Interrelationship digraph C) Activity network diagram D) Affinity diagram

Interrelation digraph (The primary purpose of an interrelationship digraph is to identify, analyze and classify many-to-many cause and effect relationships.)

An experiment measures the temperature of a chemicals reaction in degrees Fahrenheit. The results in this experiment are example of what type of measurement scale. 1. Nominal 2.Ordinal 3. Ratio 4. Interval

Interval (Interval data have the property that the "intervals" between the numbers are meaningful and can be compared. This is the case with the Fahrenheit scale for temperature. )

What assumption can be made if an organization is effectively using lean thinking and applying lean tools to reduce waste throughout the value stream. 1.It can be considered to be a house of quality 2. It can be considered to have a system of profound knowledge. 3. it can be considered to be a traditional manufacturing business. 4. It can be considered to be a lean enterprise organization.

It can be considered to be a lean enterprise organization (A lean enterprise organization effectively uses lean thinking and applies lean tools to reduce waste throughout the value stream and offer value to its customers. )

Which of the following is true about short-term process capability 1.It is usally about the same as long-term process capability 2.CP and CPK are usually smaller then Pp and Ppk 3. It is represented by Pp and PpK. 4. It is generally calculated under controlled conditions with a smaller number of subgroups.(20-30)

It is generally calculated under controlled conditions with a small number of subgroups (20-30) (Short-term process capability is usually just a starting point to understand the process. Further exploration is needed to understand sources of variation and drift over time/ operating conditions. )

Item A has a RPN of 120 with severity of 10, occurrence of 4 and detection of 3. Item B has a RPN of 120 with severity of 5, occurrence of 4 and a detection of 6. Both items have the same ranking values and have the highest RPN. Which item will you address first? 1. Item B because of high detection 2. Ignore both because of same occurrence. 3. Does not matter which one you pick 4. Item A because of the high severity.

Item A because of the high severity. (When two risks have the same overall score, the risk with the higher severity rating is escalated.)

Which of the following is a component of an attribute (data) sampling plan. 1. Inspection method is more sophisticated 2. Unit is inspected by its proximity to specifications 3. Smaller sample size can be utilized. 4. Items are classified as percent defective.

Items are classified as Percent Defective (Defective or not defective is an example of attribute data, not variable data)

In a team environment, who is primarily responsible for identifying and resolving negative behavior. 1. Manager 2. Note-taker 3.Champion 4. Leader

Leader (The leader is responsible for creating favorable conditions that will enable a team to reach its purpose. In six sigma team, the leader must assume all roles that a facilitator would perform.)

Elements of a visual factory include which of the following? 1. Failure modes and effects analyses 2. A project chart 3. Conrol plans 4. Lines painted on the floor.

Lines painted on the floor (Lines painted on the floor can be used for communicating such as indicating where it is safe to walk)

Sources of unscheduled downtime include which of the following? Machine breakdown and part shortages. Quality failures and part shortages. Setup time and maintenance. Machine breakdown and maintenance.

Machine breakdown and maintenance (Machine breakdown and part shortages cause unscheduled down time)

Select the best example of vertical communication: 1. Quality improvement team reporting on a cycle time reduction to the production team 2. Field sales person notifying a production scheduler of pending large order. 3. Cross-functional design team soliciting input from customers on a new product. 4. Manager communicating the results of performance review to his direct report.

Manager communicating the results of a performance review to his direct report.

A detailed process map is normally initiated during which stage of DMAIC to define the current process. 1. Analyze 2. Improve 3.Control 4. Measure

Measure (The details of the process are needed in the measure phase. This is where the detailed process map is initiated .)

The most useful "Measure of central tendency" for ordinal measurement scale data is: Mode Mean Geometric mean Median

Median (Median is a "measure of central tendency" for ordinal scale. While mode is valid,, the medium is typically more useful.)

A company conducted an on-site supplier workshop. In one exercise the suppliers were instructed to walk through the factory and write down examples of locations of excess inventory, unnecessary movement of material, and unneeded emplyee movements. The information gathered is an example of which of the following? Defects kaizen blitz audit findings Muda

Muda (Muda translates to "Waste" and ahs several categories. In this case waste of materials, waste of transportation and waste of motion.)

A Green Belt wishes to identify sources of variation. She finds that there are several sources of variation that need to be categorized. The most appropriate tool for categorizing possible causes of variation would be a: DOE Multi-Vari study Binary Logistic Regression FMEA

Multi-Vari Study

The weakest and simplest scale of measurement is called: Nominal scale Ratio scale Interval scale Ordinal scale

Nominal scale (Nominal scale is only the presence/absence of an attribute. Nominal data can only be counted values. Example: 17 blue, 13 yellow and 5 green. in order of increasing statistical power : nominal, ordinal, interval, Ratio.

Each day, 100 items are inspected and the number of rejected items is recorded. You are asked to make a control chart, where the statistic in question is the number of nonconforming items out of the total number of items produced, that takes advantage of the equal size subgroups. Which control chart is most appropriate to use? c u np p

Np chart (Np chart is appropriate when the statistic in question is the number of nonconforming items out of the total number of items inspected and the subgroup size is constant (here the subgroup size is 100)

Which of the following is an example of sub-optimization of the whole? 1. The best way to optimize the whole organization is to optimize its parts either one at a time or using some design of experiments approach. 2. Focusing on satisfying customers requirements will necessarily optimize the whole organization 3. The only way to optimize the whole is for all to sacrifice to work together to produce the best output (Products/services) for their customers. 4. Organizational processes are interdependent; the requirements specific to a subprocess may not align with organizational objectives.

Orgnaizational processes are interdependent; the requirements specific to a subprocess may not align with organizational objectives. (The interconnectedness or interdependence of each process may require an individual process to sub-optimize to fulfill broader organizational performance goals(e.g, one sub-process may overproduce for downstream processes, increasing levels of waste within the organization.))

In which stage of team maturity do team members have a clear focus on the purpose of the team and a sense of satisfaction from the team's achievements 1. Forming 2.Storming 3.Norming 4. Performing

Performing (in the performing stage results motivate the team and it is the focus.)

A Green Belt noted that parts from a supplier had inconsistent metal thickness from one location on the part to another. He decides to conduct a multi-vari study. The type of multi-vari study that he should run would be: Temporal Positional Cyclical DOE

Positional (A positional study is to assess variance within a single part.)

A team is tasked with deciding which option should be selected among several competing alternatives. Which of the following is the best tool for this team's need? 1. Process Decision Program Chart (PDPC) 2. Force Field analysis 3. Matrix Diagram 4. Prioritization matrix.

Prioritization matrix (A prioritization matrix is used to decide the relative importance among options by assigning weights to each option and then evaluating them against a set of criteria.)

Which of the following would typically be described on a written procedure or a work instruction? 1. Procedure: What, When, Where; Work instruction : How, why 2. Procedure: What, Why Work instruction : Who, How, When, Where. 3. Procedure: What Why, Who, How; Work instruction: When, Where 4. Procedure: What, why ,when, where; Work instruction: Who, How

Procedure: What, Why, When, Where; Work instructions: Who, How (Procedures are written to describe: What is done during the process. Why it is done. Where it is done, and when it is done. Work instructions explain two other important aspects. Who does what and How it is done.)

Which of the following statements best explains how Six Sigma projects are related to organizational goals. 1.Six sigma projects identify process output measures that are used to establish broader goals for the organization. 2. Project goals are determined by the process being measured and will necessarily optimize the organization for achieving its goals. 3. Organizational goals determine the Six sigma Projects that should be executed for all processes of the organization. 4. Project selection criteria should be aligned with the mission of the organization and its related quality, service and cost goals.

Project selection criteria should be aligned with the mission of the organization and its related quality, service and cost goals.

The different measures for dispersion include which of the following? 1. Range, Mean, Standard Deviation 2. Variance, Mode, Standard Deviation 3. Mode, Range, Standard Deviation 4. Range, Variance, Standard deviation.

Range, Variance, Standard Deviation (The range is the maximum to minimum measure of dispersion. Variance is the squire of standard deviation and a measure of dispersion. Standard deviation is the most important measure for dispersion.

For a control chart to be effective in detecting special-cause variation, subgroups should be selected in a way that makes each subgroup as homogeneous as possible and which gives the maximum opportunity for variation to occur between subgroups. This is key idea of : Process capability Kaizen Common-cause variation rational subgroups.

Rational Subgroups (Walter A shehart called it rational subgrouping because it is rational to look at the data in such ways. )

A one - sample T study was performed on a supplier's lot: T study u = 10 vs /=/ 10 and alpha value= 0.05 The mean of 10 samples tested is 9.85. The 95% confidence interval of the population mean is 9.75, 9.95. P-Value = 0 .046 A discussion with the process expert determined that the population mean can vary from 9.7 to 10.1 without impacting the product performance. Choose the best course of action: 1. Fail to reject the null hypothesis since it is not statistically significant and accept the lot since it is not practically significant. 2. Fail to reject the null hypothesis since it is not statistically significant and reject the lot irrespective of practical significance. 3. Reject the null hypthesis since it is statiscally significant and reject the lot irrespective of practical significance. 4. Reject the null hypothesis since it is statistically significant and accept the lot since it is not practically significant.

Reject the null hypothesis since it is statistically significant and accept the lot since it is not practically significant. (Since the P value is lower than the alpha value, the null hypothesis of u =1- vs /=/ 10 is rejected. However, due to the practical significance that there is no impact to the product, the supplier's lot is accepted. )

Since experimental error is almost invariably present, what is required to increase the precision of estimates of the effects? Replication Redundancy Random sampling Regression

Replication (Replication are test trails that are made under identical conditions.)

Which of the following is a source of error in a gage study? 1.Resolution 2.Residual 3.Setup time 4. Repeatability.

Rpeatability (Repeatability is used in gage studies in all cases, whereas reproducibility may not always be included in the study)

When trying to decide what's in or out of scope for a project, the most likely tool the green belt would use is. 1. Fishbone Diagram 2. Box plot 3. Raci Chart 4.SIPOC

SIPOC (A SIPOC chart allows the GB to create a high level view of the process of interest and identify boundaries activities stakeholders and other elements.)

Which of the following tools is useful in providing link between process inputs and outputs? 1. FMEA chart 2. Hypothesis testing 3. Pareto Chart 4.SIPOC

SIPOC (SIPOCs represents relationships among inputs, outputs, suppliers, and customers.)

The success of a design for six sigma program is estimated by which of the following? 1. Prototype performance 2. Response surface methods (RSM) 3. Process sigma 4. Scorecards.

ScoreCards. (DFSS estimates product sigma using, as much as possible, pencil and paper. The scorecard is the tool for doing this.)

Which of the following statements describes a reason why companies find Six sigma Valuable? 1. Six sigma provides a customized improvement methodology that can be applied anywhere throughout the business? 2. Six sigma fundamentally changes how a company improves? 3. Six sigma makes no overall changes to the quality of the company's products and services. 4. Six sigma is a long-term approach to improvement that does not fundamentally change the way a company measures success.

Six sigma is a long-term approach to improvement that does not fundamentally change the way a company measures success. (Six sigma doesn't necessarily change how a company improves.)

When the mean < median < mode the data in the distribution is: 1. Positively Skewed 2. Skewed right 3. Symmetric data about the median 4. Skewed left

Skewed left (Skewed left distributions have a mean < median < mode)

Choose the most appropriate statement that applies to the term kaizen 1. A three to five-day event 2. A way to obtain breakthrough improvement. 3. A way to provide quicker implementation of results 4. small continuous improvements

Small continuous improvements (Kaizen is a philosophy of small, gradual continuous improvements. )

Which of the following is true about using an Xbar and R chart and monitor a process. 1. When some subgroup averages fall outside the control limits then the process is producing at least some product out-of-specifications 2. Subgroup averages fall between the control limits resulting in the process producing 3500ppm out of specification 3. When the subgroup average falls between the control limits, the process isn't producing out-of-specification production. 4. Specification limits apply to individual values while control limits apply to subgroup averages.

Specification limits apply to individual values while control limits apply to subgroup averages. (Specification limits almost always apply to individual values. Control limits are used to compare subgroup averages over time to detect when a process changes. )

Which of the following describes the three components of standard work? 1. Standard Deviation, standard operating procedure, and standard sequence. 2.Standard time, standard operating procedure, and standard sequence. 3. Standard deviation, standard inventory, and standard sequence. 4. Standard time, standard inventory, and standard sequence.

Standard time, standard inventory and standard

The theory of constraints methods starts with which of the following steps? 1. Start by improving all the slow processes 2. Start by adjusting the processes to match the weakest process. 3. Start by optimizing all processes in the process chain 4. Start by identifying the weakest process in the process chain.

Start by identifying the weakest process in the process chain/ (The first step in theory of constraints is to identify the constraining (Weakest) process.

What kind of plot takes the data points of 12,13,18,18,22,22,27,29,31 and 35 to show: 1: 2388 2: 2279 3:15 1. Histogram 2. Box-And-Whisker 3.Weibell 4. Stem-and-leaf

Stem-and-leaf (Stem-and-leaf plot is text-based analysis with the last significant digit of each value becoming the steam and other digits the leaf. )

Recent sales reports for an online store show steep decline in sale figures. The store sells three main categories of products: Smart phones, Computers and printers. The store customers are concentrated in four regions: North, South, East and west. The store performs online surveys for its customers, the data is lumped together and no reasons for decline in sales can be seen. Which of the following tools can help this store in finding patterns in the collected feedback data. 1.Kaizen 2. Kano Analysis 3. Quality Function Deployment. 4. Stratification.

Stratification (Stratification is a technique used in combination with other data analysis tools. When data from a variety of sources or categories have been lumped together, the meaning of the data can be impossible to see.)

Given an upper spec limit of 15.5mg, a process average of 10.35mg, and a standard deviation of 1.291mg, which of the following statements is true? The Cpk is 1.33. The process will produce .135% defective outside of the specification limit. The process will produce .26% of its output outside the spec limit. The specification limit is the same as the process limit.

The CPK is 1.33 (Cpk ( USL-X_bar) / (3sigma) = (15.5 - 10.35) /(3* 1.291) 1.33)

A six sigma team has considered "Current Cost of poor quality " in a Six sigma project charter. Which of the following common components of the project charter is most relevant? 1. Objectives 2. Scope 3.Problem Statement 4. The business Case.

The business Case (The business Case component focus is on the financial impact and importance of the project. The current cost of poor quality explains the same.)

A lab supervisor determined that performing 5 quality control tests on Product A instead of 6 lowers the confidence level that the batch is acceptable by a very small percentage. The elimination of the 6th QC test saves 20 minutes per lot release. What advice would you give to the lab supervisor? Statistical significance is more important than economic factors. Leave the sixth test in place. The economic factors outweigh the statistical significance. Eliminate the sixth test. More data is required. Leave the sixth test in place. 6 QC tests are the minimum required for lot release.

The economic factors outweigh the statistical significance. Eliminate the sixth test.

Which of the following statements is true in describing the house of quality structure. 1. The roof of the house contains the VOC 2.The right side of the house has design features and technical requirements 3. The foundation contains customer priorities. 4.The left side of the house has the customer needs.

The left side of the house contains customer priorities, the foundation contains target values and the roof contains a matrix that describes relationships.

In order to improve its services, a passport issuing authority started accepting applications for passports renewals trough local post offices in remote areas. The post office clerks accept renewal applications, collect supporting documents and fees, and forward completed application to the passport authority for processing. Which of the following describes the passport authority's relationship with the post offices. 1. The post offices are internal customers for the passport authority. 2. The post offices are external customers for the passport authority. 3. The passport authority is a supplier to the post offices. 4. The passport authority is an external customer for the post office.

The passport authority is an external customer for the post office (The passport authority is using the post offices services, and hence it is their external customer.)

Given a runout tolerance of .003in max, a process average of .0025in, and a calculated standard deviation (σ) of .0002in, what can be said about this process? The process is not in control. The process is capable. The process is not stable The process is not capable.

The process is not capable (To answer this question Cpk needs to be determined using the formula: (Spec limit - process average / 3 sigma for this problem CPK = .83)

An X_bar chart used in a machining operation is trending towards the upper control limit for the past 10 weekly samples. Which of the following changes is the most likely cause of this trend 1. The plant start time was changed from 8:00AM to 7:00AM 10 weeks ago. 2. A new measurement tool that is more repeatable was introduced to measure the sample 3 weeks ago. 3. The sample size for Xbar was changed from 5 pieces to 8 pieces 12 s weeks ago. 4. The semiannual preventive maintenance action due 15 weeks ago was skipped.

The semiannual preventive maintenance action due 15 weeks ago was skipped. (A trend would be expected when something on the machine is wearing out, which could be caused by lack of maintenance.)

In analysis of variance, the F-statistic is a ratio that compares: The variation within treatments to variation caused between the treatments The variation caused by treatments to total sum of squares. The variation within treatments to total sum of squares. The variation between treatments to variation within treatments.

The variation between treatments to variation within treatments (The F statistic is the ratio of variation caused by the treatment to variation caused by experimental error)

The implementation of a pull system is being considered. Which of the following is a requirement for a pull system. 1.Demand for the item varies greatly 2.the part is always in stock when needed 3.the item is rarely needed. 4.There is consistent demand for the item.

There is consistent demand for the item (A pull system should be used when there is consistent demand for the item.)

A process that crosses through multiple departments in a company can present challenges for improvement efforts because: 1. It slows the progression of normal team-building 2. Management support is more difficult to obtain 3. Cross-functional teams dilute the knowledge of the group 4. Two or more areas may think they own the process

Two or more areas may think they own the process. (Processes that travel through multiple departments (Such as product design, which can go through Marketing, Engineering, and Manufacturing, for example.) may have each department believing they own the process, and have final decision authority on changes.)

When designing a cause and effect matrix a team should do which of the following? 1. Select a member to reduce the process input and process output variables to a reasonable number using his/her subject matter expertise. 2. Place all the brainstormed process input and process output variables in the row and headers respectively. 3. Number the scales for the process input and process output variables from 1 to 10 inclusively. 4. Use some deciding method to help the team identify the key process input and key process output variables for the row and column headers.

Use some deciding method to help the team identify the key process input and key process output variables for the row and column headers. (the first step is to brainstorm all the process input and output variables. After discussions with the team members, a multivote or other deciding process should be used to narrow the lists to the key candidates.)

When using the DMADV methodology, in the final phase you should do which of the following? 1. Visit customers to ensure designs are performing as intended. 2. Voice all concerns still remaining after the product has been designed. 3.Establish metrics to monitor progress of the design. 4. Verify design performance and its ability to meet customer needs.

Verify designs performance and its ability to meet customers needs. (The correct order of steps is define, measure, analyze, design and verify.)

The distribution plot of fatigue life using median ranks represents which of the following? 1. Exponential distribution 2. Poisson distribution 3. Normal distribution 4. Weibull distribution

Weibull distribution (Weibull distributions can be used for many distribution shapes and are frequently used for median ranking.)

When is it appropriate to use a block factorial design 1. When there is a need to study relative variability instead of mean effect of sources of variation 2. When there are many factors and levels and it is impractical to run all combinations 3. When a more illustrative design to display factors under the experimenter's control influences the response. 4. When the number of runs is too large to be carried out under homogeneous conditions

When the number of runs is too large to be carried out under homogenous conditions (A situation in which the number of runs is too large to be carried out under homogenous conditions is appropriate for a block factorial design.)

An operator is expected to assemble certain parts without error. Each assembly may be different depending on the customer order. Which of the following is the best example of error proofing for this situation? 1. Standardized work instructions are written and posted at the operations. These contain instructions for all the assemblies. 2. When the operator begins putting together an assembly, he or she is given a list containing only the parts for that assembly. 3. Each operator is trained on which parts go into each assembly being made available to customers. 4. When the operator begins putting together an assembly, only the bins containing the parts for that assembly light up.

When the operator begins putting together an assembly, only the bins containing the parts for that assembly light up. (Light-up bins that contain only the parts needed for assembly will make it easier to know which parts go with which assembly.)

The chief operating officer wants to know if the 17th quarter's customer satisfaction survey result, 88 "is a statistically significant improvement of the mean at the 95% confidence level and why?" the following facts apply: the data are collected by a proper survey method and are normally distributed and two-tailed. The mean satisfaction result for the last 16 quarters is 85.8 the standard deviation of the population is 3.06. The standard error calculated by thee data analysis software is 0.79 (n=15) (two-tailed t-statistic is 2.13) 1. No. The lower limit of the 95% confidence interval for the mean is greater than 88 2. unable to form a conclusion. To determine a statistically valid answer, at least 30 quarters of data are required. 3. No, the mean is within the 95% confidence interval. 4. Yes. The upper limit of the 95% confidence interval for the mean is less than 88 when corrected for the use of the population instead of a sample.

Yes. The upper limit of the 95% confidence interval for the mean is less then 88 when corrected for the use of the population instead of a sample. (The standard error for the population will be smaller than the standard error treating the data as a sample.)

The average weight and the variance of 100 packaged products is 41 and 4 kg. The distribution of weights is unknown. What hypothesis statistic for testing H0 : u = 40 vs H1: u /=/ 40? 1. Z =2.5 2. Since the distribution is unknown, we can't calculate the statistic. 3. It is not possible because the significant level is not known. 4. Z= 5

Z= 5 (41-40) / (4^(1/2))

You are in the medical device business and the cost of a type 1 error in your experiment is high since human lives are at stake. Which combination below gives you the lowest probability of a Type 1 error. a = 0.95, B = 0.05 a = 0.95, B= 0.90 a = .10, B = 0.01 a = 0.01 , b = 0.10

a= 0.01, b= 0.10 (a the probability of a type one error (False negative) is 1%

What is the systematic error that contributes to the difference between a population mean of measurements and an accepted reference value called? Producer risk Skew Consumer risk bias

bias (Bias is systematic error and not random error that is difficult to control in measurement)

The ANOVA method for analyzing a gage study is preferred over the Average and Range method because it: 1. is more likely to identify inconsistent measurements within the study 2. make calculations easier to perform by hand 3. uses constant values from lookup tables to estimate variation 4. includes interactions between operators and items being measured.

includes interaction between operators and items being measured (ANOVA method can calculate interactions between operators and samples, and the Average and Range method cannot.)

Perfection can be achieved in the business process by which of the following? 1. Adding more resources in the process 2. Conducting a one-time brainstorming session 3. Having a kaizen blitz session 4. Iteratively and continuously improving the process.

iteratively and continuously improving the process. (Perfection is not a one-time effort. It goes through many iterations as it is continuously improved.)

An agriculture company is presented with two different methods for testing heavy metals in fresh produce. In order for this company to determine which method is more precise, it runs several tests using both methods and receives comparable results. The company decides to run a F-Test to determine which method is more precise. What type of F-Test should be used? 1.Double-ended test 2. One or two tail test will give the same results 3. Two-sided test 4. One-tailed test.

one -tailed test (We use a one-tailed test in this case because the only information we are interested in is whether Method 1 is more precise than method 2. )

In the hypothesis testing of a normal distribution, what type of parametric test would be used when comparing one sample average to a historical average or target. z-statistic weibull distribution chi square t-test.

t-test (A t-test is the correct test to use for comparing one sample average to a historical one in a normal distribution)

A work team wants to set up an X_bar R chart for the finished length of tubes used in a camera tripod. They have data from 25 samples of 4 pieces each. what statistics do they need to calculate before they can set their control limits for their x bar chart. 1. The average of the samples averages for finished length and the standard deviation across the samples 2. The average of the samples averages for finished length and average range across the samples, and the square root off the sample size 3. the average of the range for finished length 4.the average of the sample averages for finished length and average range across the samples.

the average of the sample averages for finished length and average range across the samples. (You need to know the grand average finished length and the average range.)

Which of the options represents the independent variable x-axis y-axis crossing point end of line

x-axis (The independent variable is also called the predictor variable.)