SLP Praxis missed questions

Approximately when is the past tense regular -ed mastered by typically developing children?

26-48 months

At what age should a typically developing child be able to understand agent-action relationships?

3-4 years

You are working closely with an orthodontist who frequently refers children to your private practice. Many of these children have protrusion of the maxilla and retrusion of the mandible accompanied by a condition in which the upper teeth from the molars forward are positioned excessively anterior to the lower teeth. What do these children have?

A class II malocclusion accompanied by overjet

The Visi-Pitch is one of the most popular instruments used to measure pitch. If a clinician uses the Visi-Pitch, which of the following results can be obtained?

Frequency range, optimal pitch, and habitual pitch

According to Halliday, what are four of the seven functions of communicative intent that develop between 9 and 18 months of age?

Heuristic, imaginative, interactional, personal

James, a 4-year-old boy, attends your cleft palate center for a speech evaluation. James was born with a complete bilateral cleft lip and palate. He is unable to close his velopharyngeal port and, as a result, has difficulty producing non-nasal sounds. This patient's non-nasal speech sounds would have which of the following characteristics?

Hypernasality

Which problems might you expect to be associated with children who come from homes containing neglect, abuse, or both?

Mothers' reluctance to engage in reciprocal interactions with their infants

The supervisor mentioned to her clinicians that there are three main methods that are used to represent language in AAC speech output assistive technology systems. She provided the students with several choices and asked them to pick one method from the list that should be considered to represent language in AAC system programming.

Semantic compaction

A high school teacher refers a Mandarin-speaking 16-year-old to you for an evaluation. The student and his family came to the United States 2 years ago from China. The teacher says that the student does well academically, but she shares that she has difficulty understanding him when he speaks. When you screen the student, you find some articulation and language differences. Which one of the following would not be predictable based on the student's first language of Mandarin?

Substitutions of f/th

What is the muscle that exerts the pull that allows the eustachian tube to open during yawning and swallowing?

Tensor palatini

The intercostal muscles are between the ribs and play an important role in respiration. The two sets of intercostals perform different functions.

The 11 paired internal intercostal muscles pull the ribs downward to decrease the diameter of the thoracic cavity for exhalation.

Construct validity is based on

consistency of scores with a theoretical espectation

A special educator tells a disruptive boy in her class that he cannot have tokens (which can later be exchanged for a small gift) if he leaves his chair and wanders around the classroom. He is reinforced for many acceptable behaviors. This is an example of

differential reinforcement of other behavior.

Speech rate modification is a significant goal for patients with

dysarthria

You are providing services to Mr. W., a patient with Parkinson's disease and consequent dysarthria, to help him sound more intelligible. You can expect that you will need to address challenges related to

forced inspirations and expirations that interrupt speech

The lowest intensity of a sound that will stimulate the auditory system is called

hearing level.

A specialist uses a bright light source and a small, round, 21-25-mm mirror angled on a long slender handle to lift the velum and press gently against her patient's posterior pharyngeal wall. Next, the specialist maneuvers the mirror to view the laryngeal structures during quiet respiration and while the patient is producing "eeee." This procedure is known as

indirect laryngoscopy

A spongy growth that starts on the footplate of the stapes and causes it to become rigid is known as

otosclerosis.

A premature infant was referred for a speech-language evaluation. During the evaluation, the speech-language pathologist noted that the infant had difficulty bringing her hands to her mouth to initiate sucking. While breast feeding, the clinician noted that the infant had bursts and pauses, with about two up-and-down cycles of the jaw per second. This is called

non-nutritive sucking.

Evidence that suggests potential laryngeal dysfunction in persons who stutter includes

slightly delayed voice onset time

. Dysarthria is a

speech disorder associated with muscle weakness or paralysis

A measure of variability denoting the extent to which scores deviate from the mean or average score is called the

standard deviation.

A kindergarten teacher refers Tomiko to you for a speech-language screening. Tomiko's first language is Korean, and she has been exposed to English for 8 months in school. The teacher is concerned because he thinks that Tomiko "has a speech problem." Which one of the following patterns (in English) would you not expect to find in a student who speaks Korean?

substitution of t/k

Most persons who stutter are on average disfluent on

10% of the words spoken.

Williams syndrome is caused by a rare genetic disorder that affects an estimated 1 out of every 20,000 babies. It is caused by what?

An abnormality on chromosome 7, including a gene that makes the protein elastin

What is an octave?

An indication of the interval between two frequencies

Mrs. W. is a 72-year-old patient who has just had a stroke. She has been diagnosed with apraxia of speech, which is often associated with lesions in

Broca's area.

Nicole, a voice major, is having problems raising the pitch of her voice. Her speech-language pathologist recommends that she lengthen and tense her vocal folds to increase her pitch. Which muscle is involved in achieving this goal?

Cricothyroid

A speech-language pathologist is holding a conference with the family of a 16-year-old girl with severe language-learning disabilities. The girl reads at a third-grade level and has been in special education placements since first grade. The speech-language pathologist tells the family, in a kind way, that their goal of their daughter attending medical school is unattainable. The family lashes out in anger against the speech-language pathologist, saying that he is wrong, pessimistic, and negative about their daughter and her abilities. In this situation, the family is utilizing which defense mechanism?

Displacement

Which of the following primarily vibrate and produce sound?

Internal thyroarytenoids

What is true about Broca's aphasia?

It is often, though not always, caused by damage to Brodmann's areas 44 and 45.

statement that best characterizes the discrete trial procedure.

It is the most researched procedure, and it is useful in establishing the skills, but it may not promote generalization to natural settings.

Sara is reading a story aloud in her class. To make distinctions between similar-sounding words like "I scream" and "ice cream," she uses a combination of suprasegmentals such as intonation and pausing, which mark special distinctions or grammatical divisions in speech. This type of vocal punctuation is also called

Juncture

Which articulation therapy approach emphasizes both the syllable as the basic unit of speech and the concept of phonetic environment?

McDonald's sensory-motor approach

A father tells you that he is concerned about his son Adam, who has had many episodes of otitis media with effusion. Adam has taken antibiotics for the last 7 months, but testing reveals that he continues to have middle ear fluid, although he is not sick. You refer Adam and his father to a pediatrician, who asks an ear, nose, and throat doctor to perform a surgical procedure in which a small incision will be made in Adam's tympanic membranes to relieve pressure. This procedure is known as

Myringotomy

In Oller's stages of infant phonological development, reduplicated babbling precedes which of the following?

Nonreduplicated or variegated babbling

A speech scientist mentions to his class that when vibrating objects return to equilibrium, air molecules become thinner. The professor calls this process

Rarefaction

An investigator carries out a study to answer the question of whether an increased rate of sibling speech causes an increase in the frequency of stuttering in children. After pretesting rates of stuttering in selected children and the speech rate of their siblings, the investigator tells the siblings in the control group to speak as they normally would at home. She tells the siblings in the experimental group to speak much more rapidly than they would at home. In this study, what is the dependent variable?

Rates of stuttering in the children in both groups

You are working in a hospital. A patient, Mr. M., has been referred to you because he is having difficulty adducting his vocal folds. He had surgery for thyroid problems, during which he sustained damage to another structure. Because he has especially been having difficulty with vocal-fold adduction, to what might you suspect that he had damage?

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

A 4-year-old-child, Abby, is referred by her pediatrician to a multidisciplinary clinic where speech-language pathologists and audiologists work with a variety of other health care professionals. The pediatrician is concerned because Abby has had many middle ear infections and several sets of pressure equalizing (PE) tubes. At her preschool, the teacher says that she "tunes out" and has difficulty following directions. Her mother says that, at home, Abby always requests that music and TV be turned up louder. Thus, the pediatrician wants Abby to have a thorough evaluation of her hearing. To determine Abby's hearing loss, the pediatrician recommended a

Rinne Test

You decide to use gestural-assisted augmentative and alternative communication with a child who has some proficiency in American Sign Language. Which type of symbols would be helpful to use in this situation?

Sig Symbols

What would you call an experimental design involving one or a few subjects?

Single-subject experimental design

What does the cover-body theory of phonation state?

The epithelium, the superficial layer of the lamina propria, and much of the intermediate layer of the lamina propria vibrate as a "cover" on a relatively stationary "body" that is made up of the remainder of the intermediate layer, the deep layer, and the TA muscle.

To diagnose stuttering, the clinician needs a definition of it. Although there are different definitions of stuttering, a majority of them include forms of disfluencies. Which of the following is a definition of stuttering that includes disfluencies?

The one offered by Van Riper

You are working in a public school, and a distraught parent calls you. She states that her son who was prenatally exposed to drugs has been denied special education services including speech-language intervention. Why may children who are prenatally exposed to drugs be denied services in public schools?

Their language problems are not readily detected by standardized language measures.

A study that is used to quantify the time and frequency of gastroesophageal reflux into the esophagus is called

a pH probe or intraluminal pH monitoring study.

6. A test developer has simultaneously written two versions of a test of articulation skills (Form A and Form B) and administered both versions to selected children. The developer did this to establish

alternate-form reliability.

The definition of stuttering as "speech that contains 5% or more disfluencies" is based on

certain listener evaluation studies.

Some researchers have claimed that stuttering may be an operant behavior, which is behavior that is

changed by its consequences.

The concrete operations stage as delineated by Piaget states that the child

employs logical causality.

Stuttering is more likely

on words that begin with consonants.

An eighth grade English teacher refers Caitlyn, a girl who is having difficulty with language skills. The teacher reports that Caitlyn has a low vocabulary, syntactic problems, and difficulty with words with multiple meanings. You decide to evaluate Caitlyn through giving her increasing amounts of targeted, individual and small group support within the classroom setting before a special education referral is made. Caitlyn's progress is monitored, and there is increasingly intense and differentiated instruction. You are using which assessment model?

response to intervention

Linguavelars are produced by

the back of the tongue rising to contact the velum.

29. You are working with a 7-year-old child for language therapy, and you are teaching the accurate production of the plural -s in words. You record the correct and incorrect responses on each attempt you ask the child to make. This practice is known as

the discrete trial procedure.

Stuttering is more common on

the less frequently used words

5. One major distinction between the pyramidal and the extrapyramidal systems is that

the pyramidal system controls voluntary and fine motor movements, whereas the extrapyramidal system controls the postural support for fine motor movement.

A silent prolongation is

the same as an articulatory posture without voicing

Standardized tests are limited in their usefulness because

they sample participants (children) and responses in a limited manner.