Small Parts Sonography Final

The lobes of the prostate gland are termed the

Anterior, Middle, Posterior, and two Lateral Lobes

How many parathyroid glands are found in the majority of the population?

4

The normal length of an adult thyroid lobe is approximately:

4.0 to 6.0 cm

a spermatic vein is considered dilated after the diameter exceeds

4mm

Normal testes will descend into the scrotal sac by:

6 months of age

Which of the following transducers should be used for a thyroid ultrasound?

7.0 MHz linear

The normal monoclonal level of a prostate specific antigen PSA should not exceed

<4 ng/mL

A 30-year-old patient presents with a tender scrotal mass the sonographic finding is most suspicious for which of the following abnormalities

A Varicocele

The scrotum is divided into two separate compartments by the

A medium raphe

Homogenous thyroid mass demonstrating a prominent hypoechoic peripheral halo

Adenoma

Which of the following complications is associated with this diagnosis of a Varicocele

Infertility

The majority of blood supplied to the brain is through the:

Internal carotid arteries

The thyroid gland utilizes which of the following to produce its hormone?

Iodine

Primary carcinoma of the thyroid gland is known to extend to which of the following structures?

Bone

A patient presents with a superficial neck mass located near the angle of the jaw. On US, the mass demonstrates a few swirling echoes within an anechoic mass. On the basis of this clinical history, the sonographic findings are most suspicious for a:

Branchial cleft cyst

You are performing a thyroid US on a patient with a history of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. What is the sonographic appearance of this condition?

Diffuse enlargement of the thyroid with heterogeneous echo texture (increase in blood flow)

A patient presents with a history of hematuria and elevated prostate specific antigen PSA. The neoplasm identified by the arrows is located in which region of the prostate gland

Peripheral zone

Most common location of prostatic cancer

Peripheral zone

Which of the following structures mind the prosthetic urethra

Periurethral glands

A congenital anomaly associated with an additional thyroid lobe arising from the isthmus is termed a(n):

Pyramidal lobe

A mobile echogenic structure at the bottom of the scrotum that may produce an acoustic shadow.

Scrotal Pearl

An 85-year-old patient presents with intermittent scrotal swelling he states the swelling comes and goes on the basis of this clinical history the sonographic finding is most suspicious for?

Scrotal hernia

Which of the following best describes a spermatocele

Simple appearing cyst found within the heads of the epididymis that may contain Debris

Cryptochordism is associated with an increased risk of developing

Testicular torsion

Sudden onset of severe scrotal pain in an adolescent patient is most suspicious for

Testicular torsion

Twisting of the spermatic cord on itself is a predisposing factor of which of the following abnormalities

Testicular torsion

A thyroglossal cyst is located between which of the following structures?

Thyroid isthmus and tongue

Hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroxine and triiodothyronine

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

A patient presents with a history of hyperthyroidism followed by hypothyroidism, dysphagia, and leukocytosis. A sonogram demonstrates an enlarged hypervascular thyroid gland. On the basis of this clinical history, the sonographic findings are most suspicious for which of the following conditions?

Thyroiditis

The first indication of thyroid gland failure is linked with a decrease in:

Thyrotropin (TSH)

Most common location of benign prostatic hypertrophy

Transitional zone

Which of the following regions in the prostate most commonly develops benign prostatic hyper trophy?

Transitional zone

Tissue metabolism is regulated by which of the following hormones?

Triiodothyronine (T3)

A 76-year-old patient presents with a history of a palpable mass in the superior portion of the right scrotal sack. Nonvascular cystic mass is identified in the medial portion of the testes. This mass is most suspicious for which of the following abnormalities

Tubular ectasia of the rete testes

A fibrous sheet in closing the testes describes which of the following structures

Tunica albugina

Which of the following vascular structures receives blood from the posterior brain and empties into the brachiocephalic vein?

Vertebral vein

Which of the following structures divide the male urethra into proximal and distal segments

Verumontanum

Which of the following best describes the normal appearance of a cervical lymph node?

a hypoechoic, oblong structure with a distinct echogenic hilum

What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism? a. graves disease b. Hashimoto thyroiditis c. papillary carcinoma d. parathyroid adenoma

b. Hashimoto thyroiditis

All of the following are sonographic findings of malignant thyroid nodules except: a. internal calcifications b. echogenic mass c. cervical node involvement d. solitary mass

b. echogenic mass

Blood is supplied directly to the epididymis through which of the following arteries

cremasteric

Which of the following arteries is contained in the spermatic cord

cremasteric (and differential arteries)

Common disorders associated with hyperthyroidism include all of the following except: a. Toxic adenoma b. Toxic multinodular goiter c. Grave's disease d. Acute thyroiditis

d. Acute thyroiditis

decreased levels of serum calcium levels are indicative of _______ and increased levels of serum calcium are indicative of ___________

hypocalcemia; hypercalcemia

On the basis of the clinical symptoms and sonographic findings, the laboratory results will most likely demonstrate:

hypothyroidism

A cystic hygroma is most likely related to which of the following abnormalities?

inadequate drainage of lymph fluid

Which of the following muscles is located posterior to the thyroid lobes?

longus colli

Which of the following muscles is most often affected by a whiplash injury?

longus colli

comprises of 70% of the glandular tissue of the prostate gland and is the most common site of prostatic carcinoma

peripheral zone

Which of the following muscles is located lateral to the thyroid lobes just beneath the subcutaneous tissues in the neck?

platysma

The location of the epididymis is most accurately described as:

posterior and lateral to the testis

A parathyroid mass may be suspected when an abnormality is located:

posterior to a thyroid lobe

The parathyroid glands are located:

posterior to the thyroid gland and anterior to the longus colli muscle

Decreased urine output is most commonly linked with an abnormality in which the following structures

prostate gland

The superior extension of the thyroid isthmus is referred to as:

pyramidal lobe

The epididymis connects to the testes by which of the following structures

rete testes

Spermatogenesis occurs within

seminiferous tubules of the testes

The most common germ cell tumor of the testis is the

seminoma (germ cell tumor)

What is the most common malignancy of the testicles?

seminoma (germ cell tumor)

An anechoic structure arising from the rete testes describes which of the following structures?

spermatocele

The hypoechoic structure identified by arrow C most likely represents which of the following structures?

strap muscles

Which of the following arteries is the first branch of the external carotid artery?

superior thyroid artery

A 35-year-old patient presents with a palpable scrotal mass he is afebrile and denies any scrotal pain on the basis of this clinical history the sonographic finding is most suspicious for which of the following abnormalities

testicular carcinoma

"Bell clapper" is another term used to describe which of the following abnormalities?

testicular torsion

Acute onset of testicular pain at rest is a common clinical finding with:

testicular torsion

Endocrine function of the testicles is to produce

testosterone

Serial evaluation of a multinodular goiter should include measurements of the overall length, height, and width of a thyroid lobe along with measurements of the length, height, and width of:

the largest nodule(s)

A patient presents with a palpable anterior neck mass. The patient denies any recent surgery or fever. A nonvascular complex mass is identified extending from the superior portion of the isthmus to the patient's chin. On the basis of this clinical history, the sonographic findings are most suspicious for:

thyroglossal cyst

A patient presents with a palpable anterior neck mass. The patient denies any recent surgery or fever. A nonvascular complex mass is identified extending from the superior portion of the isthmus to the patient's chin. On the basis of this clinical history, the sonographic findings are most suspicious for a:

thyroglossal cyst

Benign congenital cysts located superior to the thyroid gland and near the hyoid bone are referred to as: a. brachial cleft cysts b. follicular adenomas c. thyroglossal duct cyst d. parathyroid adenomas

thyroglossal duct cysts

The echogenic structure identified by arrow B most likely represents which of the following structures?

thyroid isthmus

including iodide in your diet is required for the normal production of

thyroxine

twisting of the spermatic cord

torsion

A 7-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with acutetesticular pain localized to the superior pole of his right testis. What is themost likely diagnosis?

torsion of the testicular appendage

The blue dot is indicative of:

torsion of the testicular appendage

The contralateral testes in this patient most likely demonstrates a

tubular ectasia of the rete testes

Dilated group of veins found within the scrotum

varicocele

Most common correctable cause of male infertility

varicocele

Which of the following conditions most commonly causes epididymitis?

Bladder Infection

Carcinoma of the prostate gland most commonly develops in the

peripheral zone

All of the following are sonographic findings consistent with torsion of the testicular appendage except: -No intratesticular flow - Small hyperechoic mass adjacent to the testis - Reactive hydrocele - Scrotal wall thickening

-No intratesticular flow

Clinical findings of parathyroid adenoma

1. Elevated serum calcium 2. Elevated PTH

an isthmus of greater than ______ mm is indicative of thyroid enlargement

10 (or 1 cm)

Which of the following vascular structures receives blood from the posterior brain and empties into the brachiocephalic vein? A. Vertebral vein B. Pharyngeal Vein C. Fascial artery D. Lingual artery

A. vertebral vein

The vertebral arteries join at the base of the skull to form the:

Basilar artery

The lack of the normal fixation of the testis to the posterior scrotal wall is referred to as:

Bell-clapper deformity

Enlargement of the prostate an older man is most often caused by

Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

A 60-year-old patient presents with a history of urinary frequency and decrease in urinary output. Symptoms are most commonly associated with

Benign prosthetic hypertroph (BPH)

Hyperechoic foci are identified in which of the following regions of the prostate gland

Central Zone

Which of the following would more likely be a malignant thyroid nodule?

Cold nodule

The echogenic structure superior to the testes most likely represents the

Epididymal head

A 45-year-old patient presents with acute scrotal pain after a mountain biking trip. On the basis of this clinical history, the sonographic findings are most suspicious for which of the following abnormalities?

Epididymitis

Which of the following pathologies is the most common cause of acute scrotal pain

Epididymitis

Which of the following arteries gives rise to the testicular arteries?

Gonadal arteries; anterior aspect of the abdominal aorta

A 30-year-old patient presents to the ultrasound department for a thyroid sonogram with a history of weight loss, hair loss, and hyperthyroidism. You note that the patient has bulging eyes. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Grave's disease

Which abnormality is associated with the sonographic findings of a thyroid inferno?

Graves Disease

Multilocular nodules are demonstrated on a sono-gram of a thyroid gland. This is most consistent with which of the following conditions?

Graves disease

Dilated veins of the varicocele will measure

Greater than 2 mm

Which of the following conditions is most commonly associated with hypothyroidism?

Hashimoto Disease

A 32-year-old woman presents with a 2-month history of fatigue, sore throat, and dysphagia following an episode of cellulitis. The results of laboratory tests are pending. On the basis of this clinical history, the sonographic findings are most consistent with:

Hashimoto disease

Which of the following conditions is considered a predisposing factor for developing a thyroid malignancy?

Hashimoto disease

And echogenic mass is identified superior to the testes and outlined by the calipers. This most likely represents which of the following structures

Head of the epididymis

Which of the following veins empties directly into the internal jugular vein?

Superior & middle thyroid vein

A simple fluid collection surrounding the testis is referred to as a:

Hydorcele

A patient presents with a history of scrotal swelling and tenderness. He denies any scrotal trauma. On the basis of this clinical history, the sonographic findings are more consistent with a

Hydrocele

The sonographic appearance of the mediastinum testes is best described as a

Hyperechoic linear structure located in the posterior medial aspect of the testes

Disorder associated with elevated serum calcium level, usually caused by a benign parathyroid adenoma

Hyperparathyroidism

Which of the following most accurately describes the echogenicity and location of the seminal vesicles?

Hypoechoic structures located superior to the prostate gland

Clinical findings associated with Grave's disease may include all of the following EXCEPT: Dyspnea Dysphagia Exophthalmos Hypothyroidism Palpable neck mass

Hypothyroidism

Which of the following veins receives the left testicular vein

Left renal vein

Primary varicoceles are associated with

Left-sided location in fertility and palpable extra testicular mass

Which of the following is considered a function of the parathyroid gland?

Maintaining homeostasis of blood calcium concentrations

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism may include all of the following EXCEPT: Nervousness Weight loss Exophthalmos Muscle cramps Increased heart rate

Muscle cramps

surgical procedure done to fasten a undescended testicle into the scrotum or repair an acute testicular torsion

Orchiopexy

A 30-year-old patient presents with a low-grade fever and a cute testicular pain. An enlarged hypoechoic right testees is demonstrated on Ultrasound. Hypervascular flow is demonstrated within the testes on Doppler imaging. On this basis of this clinical history, the sonographic bindings are most suspicious for which of the following abnormalities?

Orchitis

Which of the following functions is considered a responsibility of the prostate grand

Produces ejaculation fluid

Most common cancer found in men

Prostate Cancer (Adenocarcinoma)

Protein produced by the prostate gland

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

Secondary varicoceles are associated with what

Right-sided location heptaomegaly renal mass

Exocrine function of the testicles is to produce

Sperm

Which of the following structures supports the posterior border of the tests

Spermatic cord

An asymptomatic patient presents with a palpable right scrotal mass discovered during a recent physical examination. It's not a graphic findings is most consistent with which of the following abnormalities?

Spermatocele

Which of the following is considered a function of the seminal vesicles

Store sperm

Which muscles are located anterior to the thyroid gland?

Strap

You have identified the thyrocervical trunk in a patient with a hypervascular thyroid nodule. The thyrocervical trunk arises from what artery?

Subclavian artery

Which of the following statements about the carotid artery is true?

The internal carotid artery terminates at the circle of Willis

Serial evaluation of a multi nodular goiter should include measurements of the overall length, height, and width of a thyroid lobe along with measurements of the length, height, and width of:

The largest nodule

Which region of the prostate gland compromise is only 5% of the granular tissue

The transition zone

This sagittal images of the left inguinal canal in an eight month old male infant is most likely demonstrating

Undescended testicle (cryptorchidism)

What is useful at providing sonographic evidence of a varicocele

Valsalva Maneuver

Which of the following structures transport sperm from the testes to the prostatic urethra

Vas deferens

What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism? a. graves disease b. hashimoto thyroiditis c. papillary carcinoma d. parathyroid adenoma

a. graves disease

Which muscles are located lateral to each thyroid lobe? a. sternocleidomastoid b. longus colli c. sternohyoid d. omohyoid

a. sternocleidomastoid

Which of the following symptoms is most likely related to hypercalcemia?

abdominal pain

A patient presents with a small mass palpated on a recent physical examination and normal laboratory values. A mass is identified in the inferior portion of the right thyroid lobe. On the basis of this clinical history, the sonographic findings are most suspicious for a(n):

adenoma

The most common thyroid neoplasm is a(n):

adenoma

Which of the following is the most common etiology of hyperparathyroidism?

adenoma of a parathyroid gland

producing hormones is a function of the

adrenal glands

Which muscles are located posterior to each thyroid lobe? a. sternocleidomastoid b. longus colli c. sternohyoid d. omohyoid

b. longus colli

The majority of the thyroid nodules identified on ultrasound are:

benign

The most common location of a hydrocele is:

between the two layers of the tunica vaginalis

A cystic mass noted at the mandibular angle is most likely a:

brachial cleft cyst

The fluid produced by the thyroid gland that contains thyroid hormones is referred to as: a. thyroxine b. calcitonin c. colloid d. triiodothyronine

c. colloid

Thyroid gland secretes

calcitonin

The majority of blood supply to the prostate gland is through the

capsular artery

A solitary hypoechoic thyroid nodule demonstrating irregular borders and microcalcifications is most suspicious for:

carcinoma

The anechoic structures identified by arrow A most likely represent which of the following structures?

carotid artery

All of the following are diagnostic findings of benign thyroid nodules except: a. anechoic mass b. eggshell calcification c. hyperechoic mass d. cold nodule

d. cold nodule

Which of the following is the most common form of thyroid cancer? a. follicular b. anaplastic c. lymphoma d. papillary

d. papillary

A hydrocele is defined as an abnormal fluid collection between the : a. tunica albuginea and the tunica vaginalis b. prostatic cord and the spermatic cord c. two layers of the tunica albuginea d. two layers of the tunica vaginalis

d. two layers of the tunica vaginalis

Inflammation of the thyroid gland secondary to a viral infection is most commonly associated with which of the following conditions?

de Quervain syndrome

Signs and symptoms of choriocarcinoma

elevated hCG level with or without palpable mass -HYPOechoic

Pronounced swelling of the neck is most often caused by a(n):

enlarging thyroid gland

The thickened portion of the tunica albuginea is termed the?

mediastinum testis

Which of the following symptoms is associated with hypothyroidism?

muscle cramps

You have been asked to perform a study to rule out cryptorchidism. Theterm cryptorchidism denotes:

one or both of the testicles have not descended into the scrotum

Which of the following arteries arises first from the internal carotid artery?

ophthalmic artery

Development of which of the following conditions is linked to hyperparathyroidism?

osteoporosis

Exposure to ionizing radiation is a predisposing factor for development of which of the following neoplasms?

parathyroid adenoma

Pancreatitis, hypertension, and hypercalcemia are clinical findings associated with which of the following neoplasms?

parathyroid adenoma