Smartbook Ch. 3
For the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, insoluble fiber is more effective than soluble fiber.
False
The stomach is the site of most nutrient digestion and absorption.
False
The storage capacity for nutrients is similar for all nutrients.
False
Bile aids digestion of ______ in the small intestine.
Fat
A lipase is an enzyme that digests...
Fats
The initial goal of diet therapy for diarrhea is to provide...
Fluids and electrolytes
Pain, nausea, gagging, cough, or hoarseness are all symptoms of _____.
GERD
Which of the following accessory organs stores bile?
Gallbladder
In those with celiac disease, exposure to ______ causes the villi of the small intestine to flatten.
Gluten
The villi facilitate absorption of nutrients in the small intestine by...
Increasing the surface area
Visible abdominal distention, pain relief after a bowel movement, increased stool frequency, loose stools with pain onset, mucus in stool, and a feeling of incomplete elimination after a bowel movement are all symptoms associated with _____.
Irritable bowel syndrome
Although the majority of nutrient absorption takes place in the small intestine, sodium, potassium, water, some fatty acids, and gases can be absorbed by the...
Large intestine
Fat-soluble nutrients are absorbed into the...
Lymphatic system
The mixing of food by muscular contractions is an example of...
Mechanical digestion
List the organs of digestive tract in order, from start to finish.
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
For diarrhea caused by bacterial or viral infections, dietary restrictions (e.g., limiting the diet to include only bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast) are usually ______ for recovery.
Not necessary
For several months, Clayton has been experiencing gnawing pain in his abdomen about 2 hours after eating. This morning, he felt ill and vomited what looked like coffee grounds. Which of the following is a likely explanation for his condition?
Peptic ulcer
H. pylori bacteria and heavy use of medications that impair mucus production by the stomach are considered the two chief culprits of _____.
Peptic ulcer disease
The contraction of muscles in the esophagus is called...
Peristalsis
Which of the following meals would fit into a gluten-free diet for a person with celiac disease?
Pork roast, sweet potatoes, and brown rice
A substance that serves as fuel for bacteria in the large intestine is called a...
Prebiotic
Foods containing live microorganisms (e.g., lactobacilli), which are eaten in an attempt to promote digestive health, are called...
Probiotics
An enzyme that breaks down the bonds in protein is a(n)...
Protease
A protease assists in the digestion of which macronutrient?
Protein
The site of most nutrient absorption is in the...
Small intestine
What type of nutrients are absorbed into the hepatic portal vein and eventually to the liver before they enter the general circulation?
Water-soluble compounds
Which of the following are signs or symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome?
- Abdominal distension - Irregular bowel function - Abdominal pain relieved by bowel movement
Regular use of ___ may cause constipation
- Calcium supplements - Antacids - Iron supplements
Regular use of ______ may cause constipation.
- Calcium supplements - Iron supplements - Antacids
Nutrition therapy for mild cases of constipation includes...
- Consuming more fluids daily. - Consuming more fiber daily.
When a person with celiac disease consumes wheat, he or she may experience...
- Flattening of the intestinal villi. - Impaired nutrient absorption. - Decreased production of digestive enzymes.
The combined surface area of the _____ increase the surface area for nutrient absorption in the small intestine.
- Microvilli - Folds of the mucosa - Villi
The acidic environment of the stomach is beneficial in...
- Partially digesting protein. - Making dietary minerals soluble. - Activating some digestive enzymes.
Which of the following yields energy?
- Protein - Fat - Carbohydrates
Gluten is naturally found in which of the following grains?
- Rye - Wheat - Barley
Which of the following are signs and symptoms that could indicate a peptic ulcer?
- Unexpected weight loss - Abdominal pain after eating - Nausea and vomiting
Most ulcers are now attributed to infection with H. pylori. Other risk factors that may contribute to the development of an ulcer include...
- smoking. - regular use of NSAIDs (anti-inflammatory drugs)
Which of the following dietary components can be absorbed by the cells lining the stomach?
- Alcohol - Water
Which of the following nutrients are absorbed in the large intestine?
- Potassium - Water - Sodium
The pain related to GERD is due to...
Irritation of the esophagus by stomach acid
Fats are digested by...
Lipase
Amylase is the enzyme needed to digest ______.
Starch
Peristalsis refers to...
Waves of muscular contractions that propel food along the gastrointestinal tract.
The high-energy compound generated by the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the cells is called ______ .
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
The _____ in gastric juice destroys the biological activity of proteins, converts inactive digestive enzymes to their active form, partially digests food protein, and makes dietary minerals soluble so that they can be absorbed.
Acid
The chemical breakdown of starch that occurs in the mouth is due to the enzyme action of...
Amylase
Which of the following statements is true regarding fiber in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome?
At least half of patients see improvement with a low-FODMAP diet
Intrinsic factor is required for absorption of vitamin ______.
B-12
One substance that aids the digestion and absorption of fat in the small intestine is...
Bile
The breakdown of food due to the action of enzymes would be an example of...
Chemical digestion
Increasing fiber and fluid consumption is adequate to correct mild cases of...
Constipation
Regularly ignoring the urge to defecate may lead to...
Constipation