Soc 1 - Inquizitive Chapter 4

Which of the following are examples of socialization?

- A child shows a parent how to check email using a smartphone. - A parent teaches a child not to burp at the dinner table. - Someone acts visibly uncomfortable when a coworker tells a sexist joke.

Which of the following are examples of role-taking emotions?

- You feel sadness for your friend who has just lost her mother to cancer (empathetic role-taking) - You feel embarrassed that you forgot your brother's birthday (reflexive role-taking)

Status Set

the set of different social positions occupied by a single person example: one person can be a teacher, a spouse, a child of aging parents, and so on.

Role Scenario

Fraternity and sorority members are required to devote a significant amount of time to social events and community service each semester.

Public schools in the United States opened in the -and attendance was -. Beyond the original goals of schooling, such as educating citizens and -, schools now have greater roles that include physical education and discipline.

1. 1800s 2. voluntary 3. maintaining democracy

The basic nature versus nurture debate has been tweaked by sociobiologists who suggest that genes and environment - to influence behavior

interact

Genie, the child who grew up with limited social interaction, eventually recovered to live a normal life complete with language and social awareness of her surroundings.

False

A worker struggling to decide what task to get done first is experiencing role

strain

Role Strain

tension between different roles associated with a single status example: a parent may have to choose between attending one child's ballgame or another child's music performance.

Status

a social position occupied by a person example: a status often has a simple label, such as "employee" or "spouse."

Which of the following describes a situation with copresence?

having coffee with your mom

Copresence

requires interaction in the physical presence of others

Social media has the potential to increase the number of points of view we are exposed to and socialize us in ways never conceived of before. Someone who has been influenced and "pieced together" through whatever sources available, is an example of which of the following sociological concepts?

saturated self

The location, time period, and family into which individuals are born affects their set of meanings about how the world works.

true

Which statements accurately describe why the family is such an important agent of socialization?

- Families create early emotional and social bonds. - Families teach us about gender roles.

Based on scientific evidence about social isolation and lack of socialization, which of the following are likely to happen to a child who is deprived of exposure to agents of socialization?

- The child will be unable to relate to other humans. - The child will not learn how to communicate through language with others.

achieved status

- a status one learns or acquires in some other way - a voluntary status

What skills do Marines learn in boot camp as part of their socialization into the Marine Corps as a total institution?

- how to carry and use the equipment they have been issued - how to conform to rules about personal attire and personal areas - how to kill

What are the main agents of socialization?

- peers - schools - the family - the mass media

The story of Sister Pauline Quinn and the prisoners who train dogs is an example of which sociological concepts?

- resocialization - total institution - achieved status

Which of the following scenarios are violations of feeling rules in the United States?

- snorting and expressing disgust at the bride's dress at a wedding - laughing and expressing joy at a funeral

Role Exit Scenario

A straight-A student decides to quit her sorority to focus on her grades.

Classify each item as either "expressions given" or "expressions given off," according to Goffman.

Expressions Given: - saying "good job" to a teammate Expressions Given Off: - a raise of an eyebrow - a yelp of sudden excitement - a shrug of the shoulders

Socialization is a twofold process that occurs at both the social and individual level, and accomplishes two main goals. For each of the following scenarios, decide whether it accomplishes the first or second goal of socialization, as discussed in the textbook.

First Goal of Socialization: - Schools teach students how to gain employment that will allow them to provide for themselves. - Parents teach children how to eat food. Second Goal of Socialization: - Peers teach youth what types of clothes are stylish and desirable. - Schools teach students that gainful employment is something to be valued and respected.

Classify each scenario as belonging on frontstage or backstage in the dramaturgical theory of society.

Frontstage: - A manager tells a new employee that he will get the hang of things soon enough. - A Marine drill sergeant berates a recruit for holding his rifle wrong. Backstage: - A Marine drill sergeant tells his captain that a certain recruit is doing quite well, within earshot of the recruit. - A shift manager expresses worry to his boss that a new employee may never get the hang of the job.

For a boy on a youth soccer team, socialization involves an appreciation of the perspectives of various "others." Use George Herbert Mead's theory to place each item in the appropriate circle.

Inner to Outer: - the boy himself - the boy's best friend, part of the same team - players on both teams - spectators

Total Institutions

Types of total institutions that involve resocialization include prisons, cults, boarding schools, the military, and the main subject of Goffman's 1961 research: mental hospitals.

Some scientists maintain that the relationship between genes and environment is often

circular

A worker having to leave work early to care for a sick child is experiencing role

conflict

while role conflict is about competing demands imposed by

different statuses

Impression Management

effort to control the impressions we make on others so that they form a desired view of us and the situation

surface acting

emotion work that is simply displayed, such as a smile without any real emotion behind it

An example of this is when - have an effect on whether or not a gene expresses itself.

environmental contexts

Emotion work or emotional labor is the process of helping to manage the emotions of others in order to neutralize emotionally charged situations.

false

ID

focuses on maximizing pleasure and avoiding pain without acknowledging consequences.

Pablo comes from a low-income family but worked hard in school and earned a full scholarship to Stanford University. Pablo is worried that his peers and professors will recognize his background and treat him differently, so he wears new clothes and attempts to hide his accent on the first day of classes. When Pablo goes home for the weekend, he leaves his new clothes behind in his dorm and does not mask his accent. Which of the following sociological concepts best explains Pablo's behavior and interactions with others?

impression management

What, in a nutshell, does the dramaturgical theory of society say about human life?

life is essentially a play

The process of - is when adults go through a major life change, such as marriage, that requires learning new norms and values. Other examples might include -, as researched by Erving Goffman in 1961.

resocialization ; total institutions

Sociobiology is a branch of science that uses biology and evolution to explain

social behavior

Which of the following is an example of the hidden curriculum?

students are taught to dress and behave in a specific manner by teachers and other staff members

Which of the following terms apply to this scenario? An employee works to appease customers and appears as if he cares but in reality does not feel the emotions he's expressing

surface acting

Role

the set of duties and responsibilities associated with a particular social position example: the status "employee" brings with it the expectation of showing up on time and getting work done.

On which side of the nature versus nurture debate do sociologists generally land?

they focus on nurture - Sociologists study socialization, which is part of the nurture side of human development.

Place the following items on the timeline based on when the developing child acquires them.

Early to Later: - a sense of the self as "I," wanting and being able to do things - a sense of the self as "me," the object of others' perceptions - a sense of others having their own needs and wants

Place the following items related to the development of and controversies related to sociobiology in order from first to last.

1. Edward O. Wilson's Sociobiology: The New Synthesis is published - The 1975 publication marked a major theoretical link between genes and behavior. 2. Richard Hernstein and Charles Murray's The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life is Published -The controversial 1994 publication suggested that intelligence differences are racially linked. 3. The Human Genome Project maps all of the genes constituting human DNA - The 2003 event marked an important turn in scientists' ability to link genetics and environment. 4. Harvard Uni Pres Larry Summers (2005) suggests genetic gender differences explain fewer women in science and engineering

ascribed status

- a status one is born into - an involuntary status

Place the following items in order from first to last based on when the developing child acquires them.

1. the self; I/me 2. individual significant others, such as parents 3. members of a reference group, such as a child's school class 4. the generalized other; one's fellow citizens

Role Conflict Scenario

A straight-A student who spent most of her time studying in high school joins a sorority and faces increased pressure to spend less time studying.

Match each example to one of Sigmund Freud's interrelated systems of the mind.

ID- Mark eats a whole pint of chocolate double fudge ice cream because he wants it. Ego - Justine wants to copy her roommate's homework but is afraid her roommate will catch her. Superego - Ed has the opportunity to cheat on his wife but chooses not to because he knows it will hurt her and possibly destroy their marriage.

Ego

realistic and recognizes consequences but not out of a sense of moral obligation.

What is the definition of "socialization"?

the process through which individuals fit into a society and internalize its values, beliefs and norms and learn to function as its members

Consider how changes in the importance of different agents of socialization might occur over time within a society. For each of the major agents of socialization, decide whether it is more important or less important to adolescents now than it was in the late 1800s.

More Important Now: - peers - the mass media - schools

Classify each statement as supporting the nature or nurture side of the nature versus nurture debate.

Nature: - High levels of testosterone contribute to stereotypically masculine traits, such as aggressiveness and competitiveness. - By adulthood, the IQs of adopted siblings are no more similar to one another than strangers. Nurture: - At the age of 12 months, both boys and girls prefer dolls over cars. - Facing a competitive challenge causes testosterone levels to rise.

agency

Someone who believes humans have a great deal of agency holds to the idea that we are not passive, and in turn, take active roles in society.

The difference between role strain and role conflict is that role strain is about the competing demands imposed by -

a single status

master status

a status that is always relevant and affects all other statuses we possess

Someone who believes that humans do not have much free will and are deeply constrained by the social circumstances and system they are born into is not a big believer in which sociological concept?

agency

Superego

avoids situations that violate moral principles and do not fit our sense of self.