SOC 1001 Final Review Q's

How is prejudice different from discrimination?

Prejudice is an attitude; discrimination is a set of acts or practices.

How does Karl Marx differentiate between members of the proletariat and the bourgeoisie?

The bourgeoisie own the means of production, while the proletariat possess only their own labor.

What is true about Native American education in the U.S. before WWII?

The broad goals were "Civilization," Christianization, and assimilation of Native American people. They sought to gain access to Indian lands, end tribal sovereignty, and tens of thousands of children were removed from their families and taken to boarding schools such as the Carlisle Indian School.

Sociologists like R.S. Erickson have noted that "the informal and decidedly antidemocratic set of teaching practices and power relationships by which the school operates" produces a "disjuncture between the democratic creed and what actually goes on in school,: so students often learn that it's important to take orders and not make waves.

The hidden curriculum.

What social class do "white collar" workers (workers employed in technical and lower level management positions) belong to?

The middle class.

In the early 1900's, native-born Americans, usually Protestants, did not consider Irish, Italians, or Jewish immigrants to be white, but now they are considered white. What does this illustrate?

The social construction of race.

According to conflict theory, how does the nuclear family facilitate exploitation?

Through a sexual division of labor within the home.

According to Beaver's article, credentialism functions in all of the following ways except:

To allow for less bias in hiring selection.

A neighborhood where there is no grocery store but there are more liquor stores, convenience and drug stores, and fast food outlets is referred to as a:

A food desert.

How do sociologists define ethnicity?

A group with a shared ancestry or shared cultural heritage.

How do sociologists define race?

A social category created to justify inequality.

Most sociologists see gender as a social construction and acknowledge the possibility that male-female categories are not the only way of classifying individuals. This is called:

A social constructionist perspective.

What is the sociological definition of family provided in lecture?

A social group whose members are bound by legal, biological, or emotional ties, or a combination of all three.

Liu, King, and Bearman (2010) find that independent of other factors, children living near other children diagnosed with autism are more likely to also be diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. This demonstrates that Autism Spectrum Disorder is at least in part:

A social phenomenon.

Patriarchy can be defined as:

A society that is male-dominated and male-dominant.

Which family trend is staying FAIRLY CONSTANT in the 21st century U.S. compared to decades past?

Age at first union (defined as cohabitation or marriage).

According to conflict theory, why are women's contributions to family life devalued?

As a social group, men attempt to maintain their dominant status.

When does gender role socialization begin?

Before birth.

According to Granfield's "Making It By Faking It," all of the following were challenges for working class students in the elite law school, except:

Being academically incompetent.

What has modern science determined about racial categories?

Biologically there is no such thing as "race".

Who is most likely to be mocked by their peers for violating gender norms?

Boys.

In the 1940s and 1950s, Alfred Kinsey surveyed Americans to find out about their sexual behavior. His findings were important because they:

Challenged the view that Americans were either exclusively heterosexual or homosexual.

What is the name for the tastes, habits, and expectations that children "inherit" from their parents and others, that help or hinder their success in life?

Cultural capital/

What does a sociological perspective tell us about education in the United States?

Educational success often has as much to do with social stratification as it does with individual ability.

For many years, Saturday Night Live ran a series of skits about a character named Pat. The premise of each skit was that no one could tell if Pat was male or female, and ingenious plots to determine his or her gender all failed. The humor in these skits is based on the fact that:

Gender identity is so important to our social selves that we can barely interact with anyone without first determining that person's gender.

What would a symbolic interactionist studying the family be most interested in?

How rituals such as weddings and family dinners create and sustain family bonds.

How is institutional discrimination different from individual discrimination?

Institutional discrimination is more systematic and widespread.

The "Jim Crow" laws in the American South, which mandated separate facilities for whites and blacks, were an example of:

Institutional discrimination.

The following quote comes from which reading? "What is now encompassed by the one word (school) are two very different kinds of institutions that, in function, finance and intention, serve entirely different roles...children in one set of schools are educated to be governors and children in the other set of schools are trained to be governed."

Jonathan Kozol, Savage Inequalities.

All of the following is true about the Affordable Care Act of 2010 EXCEPT-

It is a form of Alternative medicine.

According to Pawluch's "Medicalizing Childhood," the field of pediatrics has changed in what way?

It now focuses on the mental and emotional aspects of childhood rather than merely the physical.

In what way is the family responsible for the reproduction of society?

It produces and socializes children.

Which of the following is not one of the basic principles of social stratification?

Low-level groups often have basic access to the rewards and privileges of higher groups.

A popular television program called The Swan aimed to turn less visually appealing epople into more socially acceptable ones by radically changing their appearance through plastic surgery, as well as through clothing, style, and makeup artistry. This is an example of:

Medicalization and the social construction of health and illness.

The discovery by white physicians, of such conditions as "drapetomania" (desire of slaves to run away from plantations) and "Dysaesthesia Aethiopis" (desire of slaves to avoid work and cause mischief is an example of:

Medicalization, Social Construction of Disability, Social Construction of Race.

In 2006 New York City announced that it was moving forward with a plan to allow transgender residents to change the sex listed on their birth certificates if they had lived in their adopted gender for at least two years; no physiological change or medical authorization would be required. How is New York City defining gender?

New York is separating gender from sex.

What does Annette Lareau identify as the most important indicator in how parents define their own roles in their children's lives?

Social class.

What system of stratification is commonly used in capitalist societies?

Social class.

What do functionalists generally believe to be true about gender?

Some social roles are better suited to one gender than the other.

Sociologists who examine the ways gender is constructed, "performed," and maintained in our everyday lives tend to come from which school of social theory?

Symbolic interactionism.

What historical change led to a gendered division of labor between workforce and the home?

The Industrial Revolution.

Good health is:

historically and socially contingent.

According to Randall Collins, our educational system is much like a "tribal initiation rite," a "secret society," or a "closed occupational caste," not a rational system that produces more efficient production but a mechanism for:

reproducing the existing class structure.