Soc 101 Test 2

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following statements is true of culture, based on lecture? a. there are differences within cultures and between cultures b. it is easy to understand other cultures because all cultures share the same symbols c. culture is most affected by changes that are external to the group d. culture is affected by changes are that internal to the group

a,d: There are differences within cultures and between cultures, culture is affected by changes are that internal to the group

_________ is the belief that heterosexuality is superior and more "natural" than homosexuality or bisexuality a. heterobiology b. heterosexism c. homosexism d. bisexism e. asexualism

b. heterosexism

Over the last three decades, the wealth of the top 0.1% _________, whereas the wealth of the lowest 60% __________ a. stayed the same; declined b. increased; declined c. increased; leveled off d. declined; increased

b. increased; declined

_________may be considered a society's "design for living," or its "personality" a. subculture b. counterculture c. culture d. nomenclature

c. culture

In the early 2000s The L Word and Queer as Fold debuted on Showtime. Both shows depicted the lives of members of the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) community, thus giving viewers a glimpse into a ____________. a. more b. formal sanction c. subculture d. social relativism

c. subculture

Whose work do conflict theorists rely on to help form their arguments surrounding social stratification? a. Auguste Comte b. Emile Durkheim c. Rene Decartes d. Karl Marx

d. Karl Marx

The principle that people's beliefs and activities should be interpreted in terms of their own culture is called: a. dominant culture b. counterculture c. private culture d. cultural relativism

d. cultural relativism

Along with structure, this is a major building block of society a. subculture b. material culture c. nonmaterial culture d. culture

d. culture

Symbolic interactionists have come to the conclusion that: a. most people do not care about social rank and standing b. only lower class people drink beer c. only upper class people can enjoy a good game of polo d. most people only socialize with people in their same social class

d. most people only socialize with people in their same social class

What group defines themselves through a rejection of the mainstream: a. Beatniks b. Hepcats c. Hipsters d. Hippies

c. hipsters

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. What is the relationship between language and culture? a. language allows for the storage of culture b. language allows cultures to develop c. most oral traditions fails to accumulate a distinct culture d. language reflects specific cultural viewpoints

a,b,d: language allows for the storage of culture, cultures to develop, and reflects specific cultural viewpoints

Society and culture _______ a. could not exist without each other b. are unrelated c. are the same thing d. could not exist together

a. could not exist without each other

John believes that democracy is the best form of government in the world and believes that every country should follow suit and create a democratic system. Based on this, John could be described as ________________. a. ethnocentric b. multicultural c. pessimistic d. a cultural relativist

a. ethnocentric

Single-parent households headed by women are more likely to live in poverty compared to single-parent households headed by men. This is an example of the: a. feminization of poverty b. poverty-gender threshold c. feminist poverty line d. stratification of poverty

a. feminization of poverty

The purpose of sexuality is reproduction. Which sociological perspective does this statement illustrate? a. functionalist b. conflict c. symbolic interactionist d. feminist e. exchange

a. functionalist

The income gap between the top 1% of earners in the U.S. and the bottom 20% of the population has ____________ since 1979. a. increased b. decreased c. stayed the same d. not been recorded

a. increased

Which of the following is a type of material culture? a. literature b. knowledge c. values d. traditions

a. literature

Biological characteristics (anatomy, hormones, etc) determine one's a. sex b. gender c. gender roles d. sex roles e. sexual identity

a. sex

What is the most significant threat to the relatively high standard of living people are accustomed to in the United States? a. the decline of the middle class b. the feminization of poverty c. the growth of the upper class d. the stagnation of wages for workers

a. the decline of the middle class

What is the conflict view of stratification? a. the working class and the capitalist class struggle over resources b. society would work better if resources were equally distributed c. society works better when people compete for desirable positions d. multinational corporations shift jobs from high-wage societies to low-wage societies

a. the working class and the capitalist class struggle over resources

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following are ways that women have been disadvantaged by occupational gender segregation? a. they are encouraged to enter professions considered "male" occupations b. they are often given a lower starting wage and fewer promotions c. they confront more issues in managing a work-life balance d. they are discouraged from presenting themselves as confident in their accomplishments in the same way as men

b,c,d: they are often given a lower starting wage and fewer promotions-- they confront more issues in managing a work-life balance-- they are discouraged from presenting themselves as confident in their accomplishments in the same way as men

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of these are given as major reasons for declines in the middle class between 1967 and 2013? a. none; the middle class did not decline during this time b. fewer unionized jobs, especially in the manufacturing sector c. stagnation in wages for middle class workers d. student loans and credit card debt have all but eliminated savings among the middle class

b,c: fewer unionized jobs, especially in the manufacturing sector stagnation in wages for middle class workers

The term 'values' can be defined as: a. the tenets or convictions that people hold to be true b. a culture's standard for discerning what's good and just in society c. scripture found within the Bible d. federal laws and regulations

b. a culture's standard for discerning what's good and just in society

The term 'language' can be defined as: a. gestures, signs, objects, signals, and words that help people understand the world b. a symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted c. the exchange of gestures and signals for the purpose of reaching a consensus d. communication grounded in ideals, norms, and values

b. a symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted

Stratification refers to: a. a form of inequality in which some people are the legal property of others b. a system of inequality where certain groups have greater access to rewards and life chances than others c. hereditary determination of one's lifestyle, prestige, and occupational choices d. power based on noble birth and land ownership

b. a system of inequality where certain groups have greater access to rewards and life chances than others

Gender inequality is reflected in society's views of sexuality. Which sociological perspective does this statement illustrate? a. functionalist b. conflict c. symbolic interactionist d. feminist e. exchange

b. conflict

___________influence(s) our behavior but does not determine how we think, feel and act a. sex b. gender c. gender roles d. sex roles e. sexual identity

b. gender

American culture is based on democratic government, which adheres to the belief that power is in the hands of the people. Americans believe in this ______________ and vote because they want to exert their right to do so. a. folkway b. ideology c. symbolic culture d. contradiction

b. ideology

__________ is any unwanted sexual advance, request for sexual favors, or other conduct of a sexual nature that makes a person uncomfortable and interferes with his/her work a. sexual misconduct b. sexual harassment c. sexism d. feminism e. pregnancy discrimination

b. sexual harassment

Which of the following is not a sexual orientation? a. homosexual b. bisexual c. heterosexual d. androsexual e. asexual

b. sexual orientation

________ refers to a preference for sexual partners of the same sex, of the opposite sex, or of either sex. a. sexual discrimination b. sexual orientation c. sexuality d. gender role e. gender identity

b. sexual orientation

One main issue in studying global social inequality is: a. most countries keep their economic situations secret b. social inequality is relative and therefore, difficult to compare across cultures c. the presence of tourism can make a country look richer than it really is d. most people live beyond their means which gives a false sense of wealth to a society

b. social inequality is relative and therefore, difficult to compare across cultures

Bill Gates, CEO of Microsoft, is estimated to be worth $48 billion. Today, it is estimated that there are 14 million Americans who are homeless. This disparity between social classes is an example of: a. social differences b. social stratification c. social status d. social equality

b. social stratification

The U.S. government's definition of the poverty line is based on: a. whether a family has somewhere to live b. whether a family eats three nutritious meals a day, size, and income c. family size and income d. a family's ability to afford food and shelter

b. whether a family eats three nutritious meals a day, size, and income

Income inequality in the U.S. looks different depending on how it is divided. Which of these comparisons has the largest disparity? a. comparing the bottom 99% to the top 1% b. comparing the bottom 90% to the top 10% c. comparing the bottom 90% to the top 0.1% d. comparing the bottom 50% to the top 50%

c. Comparing the bottom 90% to the top 0.1%

Which of the following is an example of cultural relativism? a. Ingrid becoming upset over the coarse language used in the Australian Outback b. Andy marrying a woman who does not practice his religion, though his parents disprove c. Helena putting aside her vegetarianism to eat meals with the local tribe she is studying d. Joseph protesting the Running of the Bulls while visiting Pamplona.

c. Helena putting aside her vegetarianism to eat meals with the local tribe she is studying

Mohit spent his days combing through garbage in Mumbai, India with his brothers and sisters. Sometimes he would find food, or something to sell for money. He never tried to overcome his lower-class status because he had seen his friends try and fail. So, he accepted his fate, and tried to live life as best he could in a closed society. Mohit is an example of someone living under: a. a meritocracy b. a dictatorship c. a caste system d. an oligarchy

c. a caste system

Many immigrants from Asian countries come to the U.S. hoping for better educational and employment opportunities. Many of these immigrants already speak English, which has helped them ________________ into U.S. society a. amalgamate b. segregate c. assimilate d. enculturate

c. assimilate

Cults sometimes engage in practices, such as suicide or polygamy, which would be considered in direct opposition to U.S. cultural values. Therefore, cults would be considered a _____________. a. subculture b. reference group c. counterculture d. material culture

c. counterculture

Charlotte was born to a lower class family in rural Pennsylvania. After taking a job in the mail room of a large corporate office, Charlotte is slowly promoted through the ranks and becomes CEO of the company by the age of 50. What type of stratification is shown in this story? a. structural mobility b. intergenerational mobility c. intragenerational mobility d. downward mobility

c. intragenerational mobility

According to the textbook, what is the definition of the middle class? a. people who work for minimum wage or are chronically unemployed b. people who have a moderate level of income and prestige, such as electricians, clerical workers, and salespeople c. people who have an intermediate level of wealth, income, and prestige, such as managers, small business owners, and professionals d. people who have high income and prestige, such as owners of large corporations and members of prestigious families

c. people who have an intermediate level of wealth, income, and prestige, such as managers, small business owners, and professionals

Which type of poverty is based on comparisons of one's position to a given society's living standards? a. absolute poverty b. comparative poverty c. relative poverty d. social poverty

c. relative poverty

What is the structural-functionalist view of stratification? a. the working class and the capitalist class struggle over resources b. society would work better if resources were equally distributed c. society works better when people compete for desirable positions d. multinational corporations shift jobs from high-wage societies to low-wage societies

c. society works better when people compete foro desirable positions

John and Mary are on a first date, and Mary tells John she is an airplane pilot. John is very impressed by this as he considers airplane pilots to have a great deal of: a. power b. agility c. status d. intensity

c. status

All of the following are criticisms of the functionalist perspective on stratification EXCEPT: a. it is difficult to assess differences in the importance of occupations b. the perspective ignores how much conflict is caused by stratification c. stratification leads to improved efficiency and productivity d. rewards are not always congruent with the importance of occupations

c. stratification leads to improved efficiency and productivity

The Davis-Moore Thesis states: a. that economic hardship and skyrocketing inflation is the cause for all social stratification in the U.S. b. that Karl Marx was correct and that stratification can only be solved by converting to a socialist government c. that the more society values a particular profession, the more the people in that profession will make d. that people constantly move up and down the social ladder, and this creates an unstable economy which will eventually collapse on itself

c. that the more society values a particular profession, the more the people in that profession will make

Which of the following is an example of counterculture? a. the yuppie craze of the 1980s b. the Kardashian obsession in the 2010s c. the hippie movement of the 1960s d. the disco invasion of the 1970s

c. the hippie movement of the 1960s

__________is/are a perception of one's self as either masculine or feminine a. sex b. gender c. sex roles d. gender roles e. gender identity

e. gender identity