SOC 281: Exam #1

The most significant recent change in how the U.S. Census measures race is: a)The requirement to provide proof of racial identity b)The omission of the category "Latino" c)The option to check more than one category d)The requirement that each person fill out their own form

The option to check more than one category

A cohort is a group of people who experience an event together at the same time. a)True b)False

True

Because the Moynihan Report attributed ongoing racial inequality to characteristics of Black family life, it was criticized for a)Not addressing the phenomenon of informal or common-law marriages b)Placing too much emphasis on traditions from Africa c)Taking too much of a feminist approach d)"Blaming the victim" and contributing to racist stereotypes

"Blaming the victim" and contributing to racist stereotypes

An ethnicity is a group of people with: a)Shared physical characteristics b)Shared wealth and land c)A common skin color d)A common cultural identification

A common cultural identification

Which of the following is the sociological definition of family? a)A group of related people bound by connections that are biological, legal, or emotional b)The people to whom we feel related and who we expect to define us as members of their family as well c)A group of people that lives and eats separately from other groups d)The place where family matters take place

A group of related people bound by connections that are biological, legal, or emotional

What is an example of a way in which an elementary school teacher might engage in gender socialization in schools? a)By reading a book about a mother penguin and her son b)By calling on girls and boys in equal numbers, when possible c)By reminding the students not to rip or stain their clothing on the playground d)By reprimanding a girl for playing on the jungle gym because she is wearing a dress

By reprimanding a girl for playing on the jungle gym because she is wearing a dress

The tendency of people to be in the same social class throughout their lives is called: a)Social cohesion b)Ladder c)Class persistence d)Class consciousness

Class persistence

Some __________ theorists argue that the unpaid work historically done by women (cooking, cleaning, and raising children) helps men while the financial support that employed husbands provide helps women. This system keeps the family in balance. a)Consensus or Structural Functionalist b)Feminist c)Conflict d)Symbolic interactionist

Consensus or Structural Functionalist

One difficulty of studying families is identifying whether something causes something else. In many cases, two things may occur together (such as the use of nightlights and nearsightedness), but one may not cause the other. The process by which social scientists establish an association between two phenomena is known as ___________. a)Relational association b)Bias c)Longitudinal d)Correlation

Correlation

Parents who work in jobs that require creativity and divergent thinking are more likely to raise their children to value: a)Obedience and promptness b)Art and music c)Creativity and divergent thinking d)Education

Creativity and divergent thinking

Which of the following is an important broad historic trend impacting the character of American family life? a)Decreased longevity b)Families performing fewer functional tasks at home c)Increased family size d)Decline of the two-parent nuclear family

Decline of the two-parent nuclear family

Classify the following as a cause or an effect of the kind of segregation pictured here, in Milwaukee. a)Social isolation: --- b)Neighborhood poverty: --- c)Preferential treatment of Whites in mortgage lending: --- d)Redlining: ---

Effect Effect Cause Cause

In the late twentieth century, cultural changes in the meaning of and motivation for marriage evolved in what way? a)Economic pressure to stay married increased b)Emotional success became central to marriage success c)Choosing to remain single was increasingly discouraged d)Endogamy was strengthened

Emotional success became central to marriage success

How do the concepts of race and ethnicity differ? a)Ethnic identities reflect perceptions about biological traits b)Ethnic identities focus on cultural traits and are sometimes voluntary c)Ethnic identities are measured by the U.S. Census Bureau, which does not measure race d)Ethnic identities cannot change over the course of a lifetime the way racial identities can

Ethnic identities focus on cultural traits and are sometimes voluntary

In general, throughout history and across cultures, parents have usually favored having female children over having male children. a)True b)False

False

The United States has more social mobility than most other wealthy countries. a)True b)False

False

Sexuality can best be described as a: a)Fixed identity that does not change b)Fluid identity that can vary c)Biological identity that is predetermined d)Social identity based on choice

Fluid identity that can vary

Sex and gender are different in that: a)Sex cannot tell us much about one's genes, but gender can b)Gender reminds us that males and females are biological opposites c)Sex is the more useful of the two terms d)Gender refers to the social role based on one's categorical sex

Gender refers to the social role based on one's categorical sex

A young White man named Todd marries his long-time Black girlfriend Ayodele. What are they practicing? a)Heterogamy b)Homogamy c)Dowry d)Courtship

Heterogamy

John chose a new seat on the opposite side of the room after his classmate came out during a lecture on sexual orientation. This illustrates: a)Heterosexism b)Stigmatization c)Homophobia d)Antipathy

Homophobia

A person's sexual identity: a)Is never a source of anxiety b)Develops as children start to interact with others c)Is assigned to all children at birth d)Will have little impact on one's future relationships

Is assigned to all children at birth

Teen sex is described as being more male-oriented because a)It involves mutual orgasm b)Males are more likely to perform oral sex c)Females are equally likely to initiate sex d)Males receive greater social rewards

Males receive greater social rewards

Which of the following has contributed to a modern culture that is more accepting of sexual activity? a)Modern birth control b)Increasing religious beliefs c)Rejection of premarital sex d)Increased parental supervision

Modern birth control

Because the word family means different things to different people, the textbook provides a broad definition of families as groups of people who are bound by the following types of connections, except one. Pick the one that does not apply? a)Obligatory b)Biological c)Legal d)Emotional

Obligatory

The pervasive element of European and American society in which men controlled all property and had control over women and children is called: a)Sexism b)Matriarchy c)Patriarchy d)Traditional society

Patriarchy

Which of the following is an example of a family tie formed by legal recognition? a)A family friend whom children refer to as "auntie" b)Two adults living together c)People who are married d)Coworkers who see one another daily

People who are married

One important modern principle used in almost all data collection about race and ethnicity involves: a)Genetic testing b)Social media c)Requiring proof d)Self-identification

Self-identification

The term for the biological category of male and female, based on anatomy and physiology, is: a)Sex selection b)Gender c)Sex d)Gender expression

Sex

The difference between one's class origin and class destination is known as: a)Life chances b)Social mobility c)Gini index d)Social capital

Social mobility

Which of the following is true about the HPV vaccine? a)Medical research suggests that the vaccine leads to an increased risk of cervical cancer. b)Many parents oppose the vaccine because there has not been adequate research to show its safety. c)The vaccine has been shown to cause significant weight gain in adolescent girls. d)Some parents object to the vaccine on the unfounded idea that a sex-related vaccine will encourage sexual activity.

Some parents object to the vaccine on the unfounded idea that a sex-related vaccine will encourage sexual activity.

What theoretical perspective revolves around people's ability to enact social roles based on the expectations of others? a)Conflict b)Feminism c)Modernity d)Symbolic interaction

Symbolic interaction

People 'do gender' when they enact the social roles that conform to the common expectations for their sex." This statement is most consistent with which perspective on gender? a)Biological b)Feminist c)Masculine d)Symbolic interactionist

Symbolic interactionist

Families are groups of related people, bound by _________________. a)Their interest in genealogy b)Biological, legal and emotional connections c)Birth, marriage or adoption only dExperiencing an event together at the same time

Biological, legal and emotional connections

Which of the following concepts is illustrated by parents purchasing mostly pink items for their daughters? a)Gender identity b)Gender socialization c)Gender expression d)Sex preference

Gender socialization

What does economist Joseph Stiglitz mean when he argues that the rise of the 1 percent is self-fulfilling? a)Elite individuals earn their positions through handwork and merit alone b)Income inequality is decreasing as elite individuals find fulfillment through charity work and bring up the poorer classes c)The concentration of wealth among elite individuals benefits everyone d)Elite individuals increasingly gain control over positions and institutions that shape the rules and make accumulating more wealth possible

Elite individuals increasingly gain control over positions and institutions that shape the rules and make accumulating more wealth possible

What is the difference between facts and theory in the study of the family? a)Facts are used to describe contemporary families, whereas theory is used to describe historical changes in family life. b)Sociologists explain family life using facts, whereas theory is more fanciful. c)Facts provide information about family life, whereas theory is a way to explain how those facts influence one another. d)"Theory" is the term for a narrow set of facts.

Facts provide information about family life, whereas theory is a way to explain how those facts influence one another.

Most social science research supports the argument that elements of the Black family structure today, such as matriarchal households and children raised by extended family members, are inherited from African traditions. a)True b)False

False

The percentage of teens having sex has increased in recent decades. a)True b)False

False

Which of the following is true about social class and parenting? a)Parents usually guide their children into values that will improve their chances of social mobility b)Parents usually guide their children to value the traits that will prepare them to stay at the same social class level c)Children of working-class and poor parents tend to be more assertive d)Social class does not affect parenting practices very much

Parents usually guide their children to value the traits that will prepare them to stay at the same social class level

When it comes to biological sex differences: a)The differences are so significant that males and females rarely act the same b)Research has shown that all women are physically weaker than men c)The differences between humans are small when compared with other species d)The differences matter little in the way that people are treated

The differences between humans are small when compared with other species

Which of the following supports the idea that the institution of marriage remains very important in U.S. society? a)The decline of polygamy in the U.S. b)The fight for access to marriage by gays and lesbians c)The cultural doctrine of separate spheres d)The increase in women's paid work

The fight for access to marriage by gays and lesbians

What have studies of class mobility in the U.S. shown? a)The U.S. has more social mobility than other wealthy nations b)Regardless of social class position at birth, children are able to move above their parents' social class c)If one has a good work ethic, it is possible to escape deep poverty d)Today the U.S. has less upward mobility than it did in previous generations

Today the U.S. has less upward mobility than it did in previous generations

What argument does the author make about this figure? a)When parents are given greater freedom to name their children, they choose more diverse names b)Parents today are more conformist than they used to be c)There are fewer names to choose from today than in the past d)The diversity of new child names has gotten out of hand

When parents are given greater freedom to name their children, they choose more diverse names