Western Civ. Chapter 17

Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher, defined the Enlightenment as

"man's leaving his self-caused immaturity"

The French Rococo painter who portrayed the aristocratic life as refined, sensual, and civilized was

Antoine Watteau

Choose he correct relationship between the Rococo artist and his work

Antoine Watteau - Return from Cythera

A less brutal approach to justice and punishment in the eighteenth century is associated with

Beccaria

The scientist-philosopher who provides a link between the scientists of the 17th century and the philosophes of the next was

Fontenelle

Deism is the belief that

God created the universe but does not actively run it.

European music in the later eighteenth century was well characterized by

Haydn and Mozart, who shifted who shifted the musical center from Italy and Germany to the Austrian Empire

Who said that individuals "will forced to be free"?

Jean-Jacques Rosseau

The strongest statement and vindication of woman's rights during the Enlightenment was made by

Mary Wollstonecraft

The religious denomination founded by John Wesley in England to provide a more emotionally fulfilling religious alternative to the Church of England was

Quakerism

Denying Descartes' belief in innate ideas, John Locke argued that every person was born with

a blank slate

For Rousseau, the "general will" was

a social consensus to which the individual must bow.

High culture in the eighteenth-century Europe was characterized by the

enormous impact of the publishing industry

A cheap and popular alcoholic drink in eighteenth century England was

gin

Eighteenth-century writers, especially in England, used this new from of literary expression to attack the hypocrisies of the era and provide sentimental entertainment to growing numbers of readers:

novels

The works of Fontenelle announce the Enlightenment because they

popularize a growing of skepticism toward the claims of religion

In The Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu argued that the best political system in a modern society is one where

power is divided between the three branches of government

Rousseau's influential novel, Emile, deals with these key Enlightenment themes:

proper child rearing and human education

Isaac Newton and John Locke

provided inspiration for the Enlightenment by arguing that through rational reasoning and the acquisition of knowledge one could discover natural laws governing all aspects of human society.

The punishment of crime in the eighteenth century was often

public and very gruesome

Voltaire was best known for his criticism of

religious intolerance

Adam Smith believed that government

should not interfere in people's economic decisions.

In eighteenth century Europe, churches, both Catholic and Protestant,

still played a major role in social and spiritual areas

The belief in natural laws underlying all areas of human life led to

the social sciences

A key new type of enlightened writing fueling skepticism about "truths" of Christianity and European society was

travel reports and comparative studies of old news and new world cultures