SOC 315 Exam #1

What happened to the poverty rate in the 2000s?

It increased dramatically

Why is the family considered an institution?

because family relations are influenced by a set of commonly held expectations about how members are supposed to interact

The idealized "traditional" nuclear family, consisting of male breadwinner and female homemaker, was the most common arrangement:

beginning in the mid-twentieth century

Most African American slave children lived with:

both parents

Since census categories have _____, we can argue that ______.

changed; ideas about what constitutes a family have evolved

According to Daniel Patrick Moynihan's 1965 report, what was the main cause of poverty for the Black population?

family structure

The pattern of high educational achievement and intergenerational living by Asian Americans may be explained by cultural traditions, but also by ...

highly educated professional parents who provide models and opportunities for their children

Why is intermarriage the "litmus" test of racial and ethnic difference?

Its frequency allows the measurement of the integration of two groups

According to your textbook, which pattern would show a society with a big division between social classes?

Many family ties within each class and few ties between classes

Respect for elders, reliance on extended family networks, and matrilineal descent are characteristics of which Early American groups?

Native Americans

Over the course of the twentieth century, there was a trend in households from primarily married-couple households toward:

No new dominant standard

Jesus and Maria live together (as intimate partners) but are not married. For census purposes, they are defined as ...

a household

When did the U.S. Census begin identifying multiple-race identities?

2000

What do you think sociologists mean when they refer to the market?

The market is the arena where labor for pay, economic exchange, and wealth accumulation take place

Since the nineteenth century, what has happened to children?

They lost economic value and gained emotional value

Lin marries someone from inside his cultural group. Which term best applies to this situation?

endogamy

When children are neglected or abused by their parents, the institutional arena of the ______ intervenes in the institutional arena of the ______.

state; family

In the early 1900s, the reasons for marriage began to change. This cultural shift is known as:

"institution to championship"

Which of the following best explains the decline in marriage among African Americans in the last several decades? *The lack of suitable marriage partners available for women *The tendency of African-American men marry White women *increasing intermarriage between the different ethnic groups *Cultural values that deemphasize child rearing

*The lack of suitable marriage partners available for women

Lisa has a White mother and a Black father, but when asked to self-identify her race, she chooses Black, not White or mixed. This reflects which of the following? (Choose all that apply) *the history of the "one-drop" rule *the fact that people tend to apply the same identities to themselves as others apply to them *the biological basis of race *the social construction of race

*the history of the "one-drop" rule *the social construction of race

Sarah, a U.S. citizen, was working in Argentina when she met and married Marcos. When Sarah's job was transferred back to the United States, Marcos was able to immigrate because of what Act?

1965 amendments to the Immigration and Nationality Act

Families began having fewer children in the nineteenth century. Which of the following was NOT a contributor to this change? A)Widely available information about birth control B) Couples wanted fewer children C) Decreased infant death rate D) Couples learned how to prevent pregnancy

A) Widely available information about birth control

Of families in the following groups, which is most likely to be poor? Latinos American Indian Black Asians Whites

American Indian

Palace's parents are professionals, as are their siblings and most of their friends. They are able to draw on their social networks to help Pallavi achieve her goals. This is an example of what?

Bourdieu's social capital

According to "History Detectives: Genealogy," the best potential sources to inform about family ancestry are all of the following, EXCEPT: A) National Genealogical Society B) Archives C) Both relatives and friends D) Internet

C) Both relatives and friends

Which of the following is NOT a major trend in the historical changes in American family life? A) Family size has decreased B) The economic function of the family has been transformed C) Divorce rates have skyrocketed D) Families have become more diverse

C) Divorce rates have skyrocketed

According to recent feminist family theorists, which statement is true? A) Family types are biologically determined and rarely change B) What is good for some women is good for all women C) Men and women have very similar experiences of family life D) Family types are socially constructed and changing

D) Family types are socially constructed and changing

In the late twentieth century, cultural changes in the meaning of and motivation for marriage evolved in what way?

Emotional expectations became a fundamental weakness

Ernesto is a Cuban American living near Miami in South Florida. Which of the following statements about Ernesto is correct?

Ernesto's ethnicity is Cuban

According to scholars Zhou and Lee in "Why Asian American Kids Excel: its not Tiger Moms,"social and economic advancement among second generation Asian Americans has NO correlation with family and ethnic community resources.

False

As Sated in the supplement link "Why Asian American kids excel, it's not Tiger Moms," scholars Zhou and Lee's study on second generation Asian Americans' achievements depicts legacy of ethno-parenting success. (True of False)

False

As seen in the video "Racial and ethnic and immigrant stereotypes and family: Role of media," Amy Chua endorses "Tiger Mom" parenting as the only path to achieving model minority status

False

As seen in the video "The Family in History Decline in birthrates, increase in women workers," since 1920s fertility rate in the U.S. has steeply increased and stabilized; this resulted in more number of women joining the labor force to increase household incomes. (True or False)

False

As seen in the video "race and ethnic and immigrant stereotypes: Role of media" Amy Chua is considered "first generation."

False

As stated in "Fewer births and divorces, more violence: how the recession affected the American family during economic recession," with the increase in unemployment rate in the U.S., fertility rate dropped steeply among women over the age of 40. (True or False)

False

Provided in your supplement link, in the documentary on "Work and family life: The transnational families", it is stated that Philippine laborers maintaining transnational lives are less beneficial to their employers in host countries in the west. (True or False)

False

The video "Wealth Inequality in America", states that the wealth distribution in America follows socialist ideals. (True or False)

False

According to Modernity Theory, which is a characteristic of the late modern (or second modernity) period?

Family ties are created y individuals deliberately and by choice

According to your textbook, the consensus perspective takes what view?

Order is the core of social life

According to Cohen, what is the strongest predictor of a person growing up to be poor?

Poverty and family structure in childhood are related and equally strong predictors.

The granting of marriage licenses is an example of which institutional arenas interacting?

State and family

The fact that American Indians, Latinos, and African Americans are about three times more likely to be poor than whites is evidence of what?

The concentration of poverty by race-ethnicity.

Since the 1970s, what has happened to the education earnings gap?

The gap between college graduates' and high school graduates' earnings has increased.

In the video "Wealth Inequality in America", it shows that 1% of America has 40% of whole nation's wealth. (True or False)

True

Between 1900 and 1965 the "industrial revolution" of household technologies such as dishwashers and microwave ovens impacted women's household labor in what way?

Women spent about the same amount of time on housework

One of the ways the state shapes family life is by defining what relationships qualify as a family. In the textbook, the definition of family used by the government is described as the "legal family." What is the legal definition of a family?

a group of individuals related by birth, marriage, or adoption

A group of people who share common interests and experiences a similar level of education, and a comparable income level can be referred to as what?

a social class

Jews share a common cultural identification that includes a combination of language, religion, ancestral origin, and/or traditional practices. According to your textbook, Jews are most accurately described as what?

an ethnic group

A family consisting of two parents and their children, whose priorities are personal fulfillment and common affection, would be considered a:

companionship family

Elizabeth takes piano lessons, plays on a travel soccer team, attends after-school tutoring sessions, goes to science camp, and s encouraged by her parents to question teachers, doctors, and other adults in positions of authority. Elizabeth's college-educated professional parents engage in a style of parenting called what?

concerted cultivation

As mate selection became less a matter of economics and status and more an emotional endeavor, young people began the practice of:

courtship

According to the interactionist approach, gender differences within families exist primarily because of ...

everyday behavior that reinforces gender distinctions

According to Anthony Giddens and modernity theory, as described in your textbook...

everyone is expected to take individual choices in their family relationships

Alisha and Greg both work full time outside the home. As a women, Alisha earns less than Greg and is responsible for a greater share of the housework and child care in order to "make up" the difference. ______ might argue that this arrangement is rational and mutually beneficial.

exchange theorists

Maria, a Latina immigrant, set aside her dreams of continuing her education in order to work to send money to her family in her country of origin. This is an example of the cultural train of what?

familism

The demographic perspective in family studies focus most on...

family and household structures

Since the 1950s, family income inequality in the United States has what?

increased dramatically

Children growing up with a single parent face particular challenges to social mobility. These include what?

lower incomes, less time with parents, and less access to social capital.

In the American legal tradition, the definition of family is based on...

marriage and biology

Growing family diversity has come from which type of household becoming less common?

married couple

According to conflict theories, who benefits from family structures where women stay home and men work for pay?

men & employers

A society's Gini Index has shifted from 0.57 to 0.34. This means what?

more families share a larger proportion of the income

For the purposes of the contemporary census, a family...

must occupy the same household

As extended family, guided by the authority of the father and functioning based on economic needs, would be considered a:

patriarchal family

Rosa thinks of her mother's best friend, Maria, as her aunt, and Maria treats Rosa as her niece. According to your textbook, Rosa and Maria could be labeled a ...

personal family

The increasing diversity of naming practices is indicative of:

personal freedom

In her research on social class and parenting, Annette Lareau found that poor and working-class parents engaged in a style of parenting she called the accomplishment of natural growth. These parents believed their children's success would be the natural outcome of a childhood spent ...

playing informally and hanging out in mixed-age groups of friends and family

Rose is often told she "looks Latina", and in fact, her grandparents came to the United States from Mexico. This is an example of what?

racial Ethnicity

The scholarly view that Black families are resilient and adaptive understands Black family structure as a ...

reaction to persistent poverty

The ideology that dictates that women are naturally ideal for homemaking is known as:

separate spheres

Functionalist theories argue that since social inequality exists in all societies, it what?

serves as essential purpose

Elizabeth graduated from Princeton, as did her father. Her sister and brother graduated from Yale like their mother. After graduation, Elizabeth was able to use her _____ to help her get several interviews and ultimately her dream job.

social capital

Consider the types of relationships you have with people of different racial and ethnic groups (neighbor, work colleague, close friend, spouse or partner). Sociologists use these relationships (and people's attitudes toward them) to measure what?

social distance

The fact that the U.S. government has changed the Census categories for race every decade is a good example of how race and ethnicity are ...

socially constructed

The official poverty line (threshold) is based on what?

the cost of a government-determined "economy food plan" times three

When Irish immigrants arrived in the United States in large number sin the mid-nineteenth century, they faced discrimination and poverty. By 1960, John F. Kennedy, an Irish American, was elected president. This is an example of assimilation, the process by which...

the distinction between immigrants and mainstream society is gradually reduced

According to your textbook, what is exploitation?

the process by which the labor of some produces wealth for others

According to Cohen's book, family wage refers to the...

wage necessary for a male earner to provide for his wife and children

What do some sociologists, such as Andrew Cherlin, say is associated with a growth of individualism?

weaker marriage bonds

What example does the animated Story Behind the Numbers infographic offer for one way that the market and state forces might intersect to shape family life?

when the government makes rules to regulate child-care facilities