Soc chapter 2

High proportion of married couples, low proportion of single parents, and a growing proportion of individuals living on their own

Middle of the twentieth century

True or False : Archaeological evidence shows that the nuclear family (consisting of a mother, a father, and their offspring) norm in the Neolithic period.

False

True or false: The modern welfare system evolved from a program that provided federal support to the widows of the civil war soldiers.

True

Not the roles related to marriage that state-established churches played in early European societies

-they decided who could marry into which families

Fill in the blanks to complete the sentence about how social patterns in Europe set the stage for American family life: Among the ___, marriage served the function of ___ powerful families, whereas among the ___, it was about securing ___ for survival.

-wealthy -connecting -poor -labor

Place the following events in the lifetime of people who married in the 1940s and the 1950s in chronological order

Great Depression WWII Baby Boom Suburban House construction

identify the factors that likely contributed to African American families' strong extended family ties

-African American marital relationships were more fragile than white marriages and ended more frequently in divorce or widowhood -African American families were often poor, requiring shared resources

Identify the factors that explain the declining numbers of births per woman through the nineteenth century

-Couples learned new methods of birth control -couples desired fewer children

The true statements about American Indian families prior to the arrival of European colonists

-Divorce was more common among American Indians than among Europeans at the time -in many tribes, wealth and power were transferred through families from mothers to daughters

The false statements about American Indian families prior to the arrival of European colonists

-a strong division separated those who were considered family from unrelated families and acquaintances -inequality between the sexes was more prevalent among American Indians than among Europeans at the time

In this family arrangement, wealth and power are transmitted from fathers to sons

Patrilineal

High proportion of married couples and low proportion of individuals living on their own

End of the nineteenth century

This family arrangement consists of a monogamous couple and their biological children

Nuclear family

Patrilineal descent

White European

Identify each statement about family in colonial America as either NOT true of both American Indians and white Europeans, or NOT true of American Indians

-divorce was relatively common -people were primarily considered descendants of their mothers rather than their fathers

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about families in the colonial period: During the colonial period, parents typically passed on the family home to their ___ who often lived at home with the parents in a ___ arrangement. Broadly, however, colonial families usually did not live in ___ households with relatives.

-eldest son -stem family -extended family

NOT factors that contributed to the move away from 1950s "traditional" family in the second half of the twentieth century

-immigration brought new family traditions and forms to the United States -young people moved farther from their families of birth

Identity the factors that contributed to increasing economic inequality between husbands and wives during the nineteenth century

-industrialism -the arrangement of women working at home and men in the labor force

Parents loved their children, but children belonged to the land owner, not their parents

African Americans

Families exhibited relatively greater gender equality than other groups

African americans

Matrilineal descent

American Indian

Family relations were the model for nonbiological relationships, in the larger community and with the environment and animals

American Indians

The split-household family was common and crossed national borders

Chinese Americans

Steep growth of individuals living alone and moderate growth of single-parent households

End of twentieth century

NOT the ways in the federal government increased legal regulation of the family life during the industrial era

It created rules for religious organizations' role in sanctifying marriages

In this family arrangement, wealth and power are transmitted from mothers to daughters

Matrilineal

Family members exhibited a strong sense of obligation towards one another

Mexican Americans

This group embraced polygamy as a common practice

Mormons

What did the phrase "so chosen, he is her lord" mean for women during the American colonial period

Once women chose their husbands and were married, they were bound to obey

Steady rate of less than 50 percent of households with married couples and an increasing proportion of non family households

Present day

Why does the textbook author attribute the rise in women's autonomy to the American revolution?

The leaders of the American revolution espoused the virtue of autonomy, which women began to embrace for themselves

Local religious authorities had more influence than government in determining the dynamics of marriage

White Europeans

Select the bold phrase that represents the most important factor in the reduction of women's household labor: Betty is a housewife who, in 1965, spends about 40 hours per week on housework. Over the coming ten years, she reduces that total to about 30 hours. She started using numerous electric household appliances, including clothes washer and dryer, vacuum, and dishwasher. Her children and husband started doing more housework as well. She also employed a maid. Betty became a teachers aide at the local school and worked to earn her own money.

Worked to earn her own money

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about married names. In 2004, the census bureau reported that ____ of women under age 45 had the same surname as their husbands. On the other hand, only a very small number of men, estimated at ____, took their wives' names.

-92 percent -3 percent

Identify the factors that made building and maintaining families difficult for slaves in the period between 1619 and the end of the civil war (in the mid-1800s)

- most slaves did not have family names by which they could formally recognize lineage -slaves could be sold, and therefore separated from their families, without notice -slave marriage and parenthood were not legally recognized by the states

Select the bold statement(s) that illustrate trends in emerging modern childhood during the nineteenth century: Anne and John smith had six children, which seemed like a small family in contrast to those that Anne and John were raised in. One of the six children was named Evangeline, a name shared by no one else in the family. Evangeline had her own room and a warm relationship with her mother. Her father was more harsh, because he believed children harbored evil spirits that needed to be crushed.

-Six children, which seemed like a small family -a name shared by no one else in the family -had her own room and a warm relationship with her mother

NOT the factors that made building and maintaining families difficult for slaves in the period between 1619 and the end of the civil war (in the mid-1800s)

Most enslaved children did not live their parents

Identify the ways in the federal government increased legal regulation of the family life during the industrial era

-It outlawed "obscene " material in the mail system -it established and recognized marriage credentials -it linked property rights to marital status

In the early to mid twentieth century, which of the following federal incentives encourage young adults to get married

-Federal programs were developed to promote marriage -married workers earned relatively high wages

Identify the factors that contributed to the move away from 1950s "traditional" family in the second half of the twentieth century

-Women increasingly worked outside the home -federal programs aimed at protecting the poor and vulnerable gave many people more flexibility and independence

NOT Examples of the cultural doctrine of separate spheres

-Working class women were often employed in mills or in domestic service -everyone pitched in on family farms to help raise crops and care for animals

In the early to mid twentieth century, which of the following were NOT federal incentives encourage young adults to get married

-men earned relatively low wages, while women's wages were rising -the law of coverture provided security for both partners in a marriage

identify the factors that contributed to the rising fertility rate of the baby boom

-men were employed in good jobs -men and women married young

Examples of the cultural doctrine of separate spheres

-middle-class wives primarily took care of the home and children - most men left home to work during the day and returned home when the workday ended

Identify each statement about family in colonial America as either true of both American Indians and white Europeans, or only true of American Indians

-monogamous marriage was the cultural norm -families were organized with a gender division of labor

What weren't the factors that likely contributed to African American families' strong extended family ties

-the federal government required legal marriages among those African Americans who qualified for federal relief -families were geographically distant due to the legacy of slavery

Not the factors that explain the declining numbers of births per woman through the nineteenth century

-the infant mortality rate increased, resulting in fewer children -couples married later in life, giving them less time to procreate

Identity the factors that did NOT contribute to increasing economic inequality between husbands and wives during the nineteenth century

-the reduction in the number of children born per woman -the increasing role of government in family life

Identify the roles related to marriage that state-established churches played in early European societies

-they presided over marriage ceremonies -they allocated power and property among family members -they determined the validity of marriages

Not the factors that contributed to the rising fertility rate of the baby boom

-women increasingly joined the paid labor force -new technologies led to efficiency in housework

What is the most accurate example of split-household family?

A Chinese man works on a us railroad, leaving his wife behind in china