Social PSYC Exam 3 Q's

Based on your understanding of the "Good Samaritan" experiment, select which person is least likely to stop and help an injured cyclist? -Antonio, who is late for an appointment -Steve, who just gave a lecture to a high school ethics class -Liam, who just read a speech about generosity -Devin, who has to wait at least 90 minutes in the area for his train

-Antonio, who is late for an appointment

Olivia hears a story about a Florida man who used a baby alligator to rob a Wendy's. Her sister lives in Orlando and often tells Olivia that "Any story you hear about Florida is probably true." As a result, Olivia believes that stories involving the "Florida man" stereotype have an element of truth. This is best described by which theory? -Social agents theory -Cognitive truth theory -Social role theory -Kernel of truth theory

-Kernel of truth theory

The ancient law of physical retaliation based on reciprocity (as described in the Book of Exodus) is also known as the: -Eye for Eye, Tooth for Tooth Syndrome -Lex Talion -Retribution Exchange Theory -Radix Ipsius

-Lex Talion

Every time Erica watches the 2018 version of A Star Is Born, she breaks into an ugly cry. The movie is a tearjerker, she explains, because she connects with the protagonists and sympathizes with their challenges. Which of the following is most likely to account for Erica's behavior? -Moral integrity -Hamilton's inequality -Mirror neurons -Reciprocal altruism

-Mirror neurons

Attributions and mitigating information can serve as a mediator between provocation and aggression. In lecture, we discussed how a vivid example of this can be seen in: -contact sports -white-collar crime -the Israeli-Palestinian conflict -NGRI pleas

-NGRI pleas

Using Latané and Darley's five-step model of helping, what is one reason a person is more likely to receive help in a small town than a big city? -People from small towns are better equipped to help. -Small-town citizens are more responsible. -People from rural areas are more likely to assume an event is an emergency. -People are more likely to notice the event.

-People are more likely to notice the event.

In 1968, Bibb Latané and John Darley conducted a groundbreaking study on prosocial behavior. As mentioned in lecture, the study resulted in a surprising outcome. Based on that, which of the following happened? -The study triggered a PTSD flashback in one student who had returned from Vietnam in 1966 after seeing combat action on Operation Attleboro. -The researchers inadvertently exposed their participants to a carcinogen. -Many participants reported that Martin Luther King Jr's assassination in the ----Many participants reported that Bobby Kennedy's assassination in the same year influenced their decision to help.

-The researchers inadvertently exposed their participants to a carcinogen.

In class, King cited examples of "random acts of kindness" from influencers like Isaiah Garza, Jesús Morales and MrBeast. We then had a compelling discussion about the media and prosocial behavior. Which of the following was mentioned during the class discussion? -Research suggesting that "modeling" makes a difference in helping behavior as well as in aggression. -How helping behavior is portrayed in the movies "The Last Jedi," "Finding Nemo" and "The Shape of Water." -The role of sincerity as a motive and if it matters or not. -A 2018 study in the "Journal of Children and Media" that examined if Disney animated characters could inspire children to help others.

-The role of sincerity as a motive and if it matters or not.

Based on archival research, Leon Mann documented situations in which a crowd encouraged suicidal people to jump from buildings. According to the researcher, several factors seemed to increase the probable incidence of baiting behavior. Which of the following was not a factor mentioned in Mann's work? -Time of day or night. -The size of the crowd encouraging the person to jump. -If the person contemplating suicide was between the sixth and twelfth floors of a building. -Time of year (based on the four seasons).

-The size of the crowd encouraging the person to jump.

Inspired by the tragic murder of Kitty Genovese outside her New York apartment, Bibb Latané and John Darley pioneered the student of bystander intervention. In their research, they described a sequence of decisions bystanders make before intervening in an emergency. Which of the following was added later, but was not one of the steps in their original model? -believing in ability to help -interpreting the incident as an emergency -assuming personal responsibility for intervention -assessing the victim's level of need

-believing in ability to help

A politician who blames a mass shooting on violent video games commits what error in doing so? -blames a person's bad actions on just one component of a complex lifelong interaction between media and the individual -fails to account for violent movies and television, which are statistically much more prevalent and prone to impacting aggression -overlooks that there are no credible studies linking video games and other media violence to aggression -primes an association between violent video games and aggression in those who already play those games, making them more likely to be aggressive

-blames a person's bad actions on just one component of a complex lifelong interaction between media and the individual

In the 1940s, researchers Kenneth Clark and Mamie Clark gave Black children a choice between black dolls and white dolls. Results showed that most of the children: -chose the white dolls. -used the dolls in aggressive symbolic play. -refused to choose between them. -chose the black dolls.

-chose the white dolls.

Last April, Zeke spent all morning on Reddit, placing tiles on r/place to create an image of Dr. Strange. After returning home from work that night, he finds that a group of Redditors known as The Black Void wiped out his artwork and replaced it with an array of black pixels. Furious, Zeke yells and punches the wall. His expression of aggression is an example of: -a loss of composure. -indirect hostility. -reactive stress. -displacement.

-displacement.

Ethan is attracted to Camila, another student in Professor Rupp's Roman Art and Architecture class. They've never spoken, but Ethan overhears Camila say she missed the lecture on Julio-Claudian architecture. He quickly offers to share his notes and Camila seems grateful. This is Ethan's first step in a master plan to ask Camila on a date. Auguste Comte would describe Ethan's prosocial behavior as an example of: -communion. -moral hypocrisy. -egoistic helping. -altruistic helping.

-egoistic helping.

Despite late-game heroics, Ben's team loses the game when the opposing team scores in the final minute of play. Still buzzing with adrenalin, Ben walks off the field after the game when fans start pelting his team with snowballs. Enraged, Ben rushes into the stands and attacks a fan before teammates pull him away. What concept below could best describe Ben's behavior in this situation? -assertive dehumanization -crisis of masculinity -excitation transfer theory -ingroup heterogeneity

-excitation transfer theory

Both Jenny and Steve work as cashiers at the same store and both receive similar scores on their job performance reviews. However, Jenny is paid less than Steve. What is this an example of? -stereotype threat -prejudice -stereotyping -gender discrimination

-gender discrimination

As an American, Ridley found it easy to name foods which were representative of other countries, but found it difficult to name food that represented the United States because of the variety of US cuisine. Which of the following best explains Ridley's response? -social identity -ingroup heterogeneity -culture -social learning

-ingroup heterogeneity

According to research mentioned in class, Davidson, Putnam and Larson (2000) determined that, compared with other people, violent criminals have: -lower serotonin levels. -higher pain tolerance. -lower scores on intelligence tests. -higher recidivism rates.

-lower serotonin levels.

In the empathy-altruism sequence discussed in class, the second stage was critical because it contrasted: -personal distress with empathic concern. -social responsibility with reciprocity. -altruism with egoism. -self-benefit with social approval .

-personal distress with empathic concern.

In the current legal climate of the United States, what action is most likely to constitute a microinvalidation of LGBTQ people? -making all bathrooms gender-neutral, rather than just making some gender-neutral facilities available to customers -pursuing legislation that requires nonheterosexual couples to register for civil unions rather than marriages, in which civil unions are legally distinct from marriages but allow equal rights -avoiding fast-food restaurants whose owners donate to organizations that endorse conversion therapy--a practice which attempts to change LGBTQ people's orientation to cisgender and heterosexual -mandating insurance companies to cover medical gender transition services and associated mental health care costs on every insurance plan

-pursuing legislation that requires nonheterosexual couples to register for civil unions rather than marriages, in which civil unions are legally distinct from marriages but allow equal rights

A common scenario is that when the economy takes a downward turn and jobs are difficult to find, many people blame immigrants. What would be a good explanation for rising prejudice in this situation? -symbolic interactionist theory -frustration-aggression theory -realistic conflict theory -contemptuous prejudice

-realistic conflict theory

Zoë has played video games since she was seven. She hears about her high school's Video Games Club and decides to go to a meeting. The students are playing the Resident Evil 4 remake and Zoë realizes she's the only girl in the room. Although she has already played the original 2005 game and is confident in her skills, Zoë feels anxious that her performance might confirm negative stereotypes about female gamers. What is this an example of? -kernel of truth theory -token anxiety -stereotype threat -outgroup homogeneity

-stereotype threat

Prosocial behavior is sometimes inhibited by the demands and costs of helping. Which is not a cost-related variable mentioned in lecture? -fear of trouble or danger -reluctance to make contact with an "unpleasant" victim -fear of seeming foolish -stress and fatigue

-stress and fatigue

Giving a percentage of your income to the poor is one of the five Pillars of Islam. In Judaism, Tikkun Olammeans "repair of the world" and holds that we have a duty to help. Likewise, the ancient maxim known as the "golden rule" is consistent with teachings in Christianity, Hinduism, Wicca, Buddhism, Yoruba, Confucianism and Taoism. This ideal reflects a belief in: -stable exchange theory. -the social responsibility norm. -the bystander effect. -stereotype threat.

-the social responsibility norm.

Instrumental Aggression.

using aggression for a goal other than causing pain.

Subtyping

when members of a group who don't represent the stereotype of that group cluster together to form a subgroup which becomes interpreted as the group that does maintain the stereotype.

Provide an example of Subtyping.

Joe encounters a group of people who work in Finance but he hears from a couple of people in the group that most of them are really lazy so the group itself might be a good one to stay away from. Joe keeps asking around and finds a small group of people who seem really motivated and share his goals, so they decide to break off from the group and form their own with the stereotype that they are motivated financiers rather than lazy ones.

Provide an example of the Instrumental Aggression.

Shooting a police officer during a bank robbery, the goal is robbing the bank but because the police officer is trying to prevent that he gets shot making it instrumental aggression.

Provide an example of Deindividuation.

When surrounded by fans at your favorite football team stadium you might be super loud and do a bunch of obnoxious things to cheer on your team that you wouldn't do if you were alone in the stands.

Provide an example of Perspective Taking (in the context discussed in lecture). Why?

While shopping for groceries, if you move your shopping cart out of the way for someone else to move through the aisle that is an example of perspective-taking.

Provide an example of Perceived Outgroup Homogeneity Effect. How does this effect the perception of ingroup and outgroup?

profiling/stereotyping someone based only on their race/ethnicity.

Perspective Taking The definition is mostly correct; you're just missing the part about the context of helping.

the ability to understand how a situation feels to somebody else and how they might react emotionally and cognitively to that situation.

Deindividuation

the loss of self-awareness and inner restraints when in large groups or acting anonymously.

Perceived Outgroup Homogeneity Effect. Identical is too strong. The comparison is between the internal similarity of the outgroup vs the internal similarity of the ingroup

the perception that members of an outgroup are identical to one another and not their own individual.