Social Studies

Self made man

- Andrew Jackson was a self made man because he rose from poverty to become the president of the united states. So, someone who raises from poor to become rich and powerful is self-made.

John C. Calhoun

- He was Jackson's vice president. He urged the southern states to fight back the tariff established by Jackson. He was the leader of the South Carolina nullification of the tariffs of imports both in 1828 and 1832.

Senator Daniel Webster - He was a senator from New Hampshire and was a great supporter of the tariffs as a way to stimulate the economy.

- He was a senator from New Hampshire and was a great supporter of the tariffs as a way to stimulate the economy.

Kitchen Cabinet

- Jackson did not rely only on his cabinet for advice. He made most of his decisions with the help of trusted friends and political supporters. Rumor was that they met in the White House kitchen, they were called the "kitchen cabinet."

States' rights

- States having the right to protect themselves such as South Carolina threatened to secede since the tariffs threatened imports and the economy.

Bank of the United States, Nicholas Biddle

- The bank was partly owned by the federal government, and it had a monopoly on federal deposits. Jackson thought that the bank benefited rich eastern depositors at the expense of farmers and workers, as well as smaller state banks. Nicholas Biddle was the bank's president. He was everything Jackson was not: wealthy, upper class, well educated, and widely traveled.

Jacksonian Democracy

- The idea that common people can make a difference in government.

Five Civilized Tribes

- These were the 5 Indian tribes that lived in the South. They were the Creek, Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Seminole. They were called by Whites "Five Civilized Tribes" because they had a language and adopted the Whites' way of living in hopes to fit in.

Tariff

- This is tax on imported goods such as cloth and glass. The idea was to encourage the growth of manufacturing in the United States. So the higher tariffs meant higher prices for imported factory goods so then American manufacturers to outsell their foreign competitors.

Spoils System

- This is what Jackson's opponents called the practice of rewarding political supporters with government jobs. This was because Jackson removed lifetime Republicans from government posts because he believed government position should be rotated and people should go back to being regular workers and give other people a chance to serve their government.

Secede

- This is when a state such as South Carolina threatens to separate from the union or the alliance with the other states and become its own country and not follow federal laws.

Corrupt Bargaining

- This is when the decision when John Quincy Adams forged an alliance with Clay and secured the presidency. Jackson dubbed the decision a "Corrupt Bargain."

Battle of New Orleans

- This was the last major battle of the war of 1812. Andrew Jackson lead the army and won and defended the city of New Orleans. That is what brought him to popularity to start his presidential run interest. Also that is when he gained the name Old Hickory.

Old Hickory

- This was the name given to Andrew Jackson by his troops after he won the Battle of New Orleans during the War of 1812 and defended the city of New Orleans because he was as tough as "the hardest wood in all creation.

Rich and well-born

- Those were the white, powerful people that lived mostly on the east and ran the government.

Nullification

- When a state such as South Carolina refuses to follow the policy set by the president ti s called nullification. South Carolina chose nullification of the tariffs.

Civil Servants

- they were employees of the government and when Jackson took office they were mostly rich and powerful and in those positions for a lifetime but jackson changed that.

Mudslinging

- this is when two candidates say many negative things about each other that have nothing to do with political beliefs. This happened when Jackson ran against Adams and accused him to be the "Sabbath-breaker" for traveling on Sunday

Common People

- those were the ordinary farmers, workers, and the poor who lived mostly west, not the rich and upper class who controlled the Republican Party. The common people formed the Democratic party and helped elect Jackson.

Indian Removal Act -

In 1830 Jackson urged Congress to pass the Indian Removal Act. This law allowed the president to make treaties in which American Indians in the East traded their lands for new territory on the Great Plains. The law did not say that they should be removed by force, and in 1831 the Supreme Court held that American Indians had a right to keep their lands. Jackson was upset and Indians that resisted had tragic results.

Andrew Jackson's supporters

Jackson lost the election of 1824. Between that time and the next election in 1828 Jackson's supporters used the time to build a new political organization that came to be called the Democratic Party. They promised that the new party, would represent ordinary farmers, workers, and the poor, not the rich and upper class who controlled the Republican Party. They used a lot of insults against Adams but also organised a lot parades, picnics, and rallies. They sang the nation's first campaign song "The Hunters of Kentucky". They also wore Jackson campaign buttons that said "Adams can write, but Jackson can fight." Jackson won and this was a great victory for common people being able to make a difference in government. This idea eventually became known as Jacksonian Democracy.

Trail of Tears

This is the terrible journey for Indians that started in 1836 and in 1838, two years later it continued under President Martin Van Buren when more than 17,000 Cherokees were forced from their homes in Georgia and herded west by federal troops. They were forced to march in handcuffs. Four thousand of these American Indians died during the long walk to Indian Territory, which took place in the winter.