Social Studies ch. 2 Unit 4
Who was Hernando Cortés?
A conquistador who sailed from Cuba to Mexico and met the Native Americans who greeted him with gold.
What is a caravelle?
A fast moving ship that is designed to sail into the wind and was also used by Magellan
What is a strait?
A narrow passage that connects two large bodies of water.
Northwest Passage?
A sea route from the Atlantic to the Pacific that passed through or around North America.
What is a conquistador?
A soldier-adventurer
Magellan found what at the tip of South America?
A strait and he battled tides, currents, and winds for 38 days in the straight of Magellan. He went so far south that he saw penguins.
Columbus predicted it would take 21 days to reach Asia, how long did it actually take?
About 2 months, and on his first voyage he left Spain in August 1492 and arrived in the west indies on October 12, 1492
When Columbus returned to where had landed in his first journey, what did he find?
All the men he had left there were killed by Indians.
After Columbus died, who continued his voyages?
Amerigo Vespucci, who made two trips, and both convinced him the land they had found was not Asia
What was the second person to look for the Golden city?
Francisco Coronado set out to look for this city with about 1,100 men. He never found the city but did explore most of the southwest present day countries.
Who was another conquistador who used the same strategy to destroy the Incas?
Francisco Pizarro
How did he destroy the Incas?
He captured their leader and executed him and then invaded the leaderless Incas.
What did Cortes do after the Aztecs rebelled?
He fled, but returned a year later and destroyed the Aztec capital, and built Mexico city in its place
Where did Ponce de Leon land when he sailed north of Mexico?
He found present day Florida and named it La Florida, because of all the pretty flowers. Ponce de Leon was the first spaniard to set foot in the united states.
What was Balboa's big discoverey?
He landed in present day Panama and made his way through the jungle and was the first European to set eyes on the Pacific ocean, he did all things in 1510
What did Cortés do in 1519?
He marched toward the Aztec capital and was joined many Native Americans who disliked the Aztecs. The leader tried to get him to go away by offering him gold, but was captured and later saved by rebelling Aztecs.
When Columbus landed, where did he think he landed, and what did he refer to it as?
He thought he had landed in the indies, so he referred to it as the west indies.
Who was Ferdinand Magellan?
He was he the first person to circumnavigate the world and he set out in September 1519 to find a waterway to Asia from Europe. He was a Portuguse.
How did Columbus react to finding his men dead?
He was not discouraged and enslaved the Indians.
Where did Columbus go after he reached the west indies?
He went south west thinking he could reach Japan, but instead he found Cuba, he then set sail to return to Spain in January of 1943. When he returned the named him governer of all land he found.
When did exploration along Florida's west coast begin?
In 1528
What is a plantation?
Large farms worked by laborers who live on the property.
Who demanded Reformation?
Martin Luther demanded reform, Catholic church denies it, thus creating the Protestant church. There were then wars between catholic and protestant forces.
Was Christopher Columbus the first to discover America?
No, experts believe that viking Leif Erikson and others sailed from Greenland to the Americas in 1001.
What countries turned Columbus down finacially?
Portugal and Italy
Empires in America increased Spain's what?
Power and wealth and rulers of other European countries grew jelly
What was Columbus thinking he could do?
Sail from Europe to Asia instead of walking.
What did Columbus find on his second voyage?
Some islands, including Puerto Rico, and he left Spain in September of 1493. This time he had 17 ships and 1,500 soldiers.
What country funded him?
Spain, whose rulers were King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella.
What were the rumors going through Mexico City?
That there was a city of gold, and people wanted the 4 survivors to go. One of them did lead a group, but was killed by Indians in present day New-Mexico
What did these voyages set up for the Western and Eastern hemispheres?
The Columbian exchange.
What were the names of Columbuses ships?
The Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria
How were the Spanish more superior to the Native Americans?
The Spanish had better weapons, such as armor, muskets, and canons, and transport, such as horses.
What happened as the Native American slaves died off?
The Spanish started to bring Africans over and enslave them.
What did the Spanishes system consist of?
The enslaved the Indians and the religion of Christianity.
What is an astrolabe?
The instrument that voyagers use to tell where they are by using the longitude, latitude, and time
What did Columbus find on his third voyage?
The northern coast of South America, which he believed was the Asian mainland.
What is the Columbian exchange?
The trade between the two hemispheres.
Instead of letting conquistadors govern the colonized land, what did the spanish do?
They made a formal system of government.
What happened to the group of 400 Spainards after the marched to north florida?
They were attacked by Native Americans, then they built 5 ships and sailed to an island in Texas. After that the 4 that were left were enslaved, then after they escaped and found Mexico City.
What is does it mean to circumnavigate?
Travel around
Who was the next spanish explorer?
Vasco Núñez de Balboa