social studies chapter 23 WWI

Stalemate

A situation in which no progress can be made or no advancement is possible - no side can win a victory

u boats

German submarines or "untersee boats"

National War Labor Board

a government agency organized to help settle disputes between workers and employers in war industries

allied powers

a group of nations that allied to fight the Central Powers in World War I, and those countries in opposition to the Axis Powers in World War II

Selective Service Act

a law that allowed the president to draft soldiers in times of war

trench warfare

a new kind of warfare in World War I that involved troops digging and fighting from deep trenches

Lusitania

a passenger ship bombed by Germany

zimmermann note

a telegram from germany to mexico in return of territory in exchange for declaring war on the us

armistice

a truce or cease-fire agreement between warring nations

militarism

an increase in the importance of the military of a country

There was no reason for our involvement until we were threatened to have war brought closer to home.

do you think the US was right to stay neutral for so long?

Archduke Francis Ferdinand

heir to the throne of Austria Hungary; assassinated by Gavrilo Princip, a bosnian serb.; sparked WWI

- gave great britain and france time to mobilize their troops They slowed the German advance but could not stop it.

how did belgian resistance affect the german war plan?

Austria-Hungary was affected because there were many different cultures in this country and the Slavs wanted to break away to join the Slavic country of Serbia. Germany had a strong since of nationalism and it brought about stability there.

how did nationalism affect germany and austria hungary differently?

- prepare public= committe on public information - prepare government= the espionage act of 1917 and the sedition act of 1918 - prepare US military= selective service act - prepare= liberty bonds Wilson formed the CPI to rally for war and the selective service act drafted men to go to war. Liberty bonds were sold to support the Allies through loans. The WIB, War Industries Board, oversaw the production and distribution of steel, copper, cement and rubber.

how did the US prepare for war?

- liberty bonds - copper mills - made and shipped supplies - The government implemented Daylight Savings to limit the use of energy, they guaranteed farmers high prices for their crops, they encouraged "Meatless Mondays" and "Wheatless Wednesdays to save food for the troops. Many people grew vegetables in "Victory Gardens."

how did the government exercise control over the economy during the war?

The Russians were at war with their government and over 8 million had died, they pulled out of the war leaving a huge gap in coverage of troops.

how did the russian revolution change the course of the war?

They stopped the Germans from seizing Paris at the Second Battle of the Marne, they infused new fighting skills and energy back on the battlefield and they introduced the Convoy System to protect the ships.

how did us troops make a difference in the final battles of the war?

Women were ambulance drivers, nurses, telephone operators, signalers, typists and interpreters. 1 Million women joined the US workforce.

how did women contribute to the war effort abroad?

More than 4 Million workers went on strike during the war but the National War Labor Board was created to avoid strikes during war time. Many workers got higher wages because they weren't replaceable and the country needed them in war time.

how do you think the end of the war affected labor unions?

airplanes could drop on them

how successful was trench warfare as a strategy?

The Germans couldn't reach Paris and then the US troops defeated them at the town of St. Mihiel. This brought 1 million US troops into the war to defeat the Germans.

how was the second battle of the marne a turning point in the war?

liberty bonds

loans to the government that aided its ability to prepare for World War I

communists

people who believe in communism, or the political system in which all resources are shared equally

American Expeditionary Force

the U.S. military forces sent to europe during wwi and led by general john j pershing

central powers

the coalition of nations in wwi that included te germany, austria hungary, and ottoman empires

mobilize

to prepare for war

Yes because if Germany had their resources they would return to being at war with Europe and the US.

were the terms of the armistice fair?

nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and alliances * the assassination of the archduke -The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand, militarism - every country was increasing the size of their armed services, imperialism - the competition for land was heating up because England had so much territory and Germany and Austria Hungary had formed such a strong alliance and Nationalism - (strong sense of pride in your nation) caused instability in other countries.

what factors contributed to the outbreak of WWI?

Serbia would have fallen to the Austria-Hungary/German forces without Russia stepping in with their armed forces to fight with them.

what might have happened if Russia had not honored its agreement to defend serbia?

Their U-Boats, tanks, aircraft and big guns as well as pull back from territory that didn't belong to Germany.

what was germany required to surrender in the armistice?

They organized rallies and parades and they published posters and pamphlets for war. - get americans to agree to enter the war

what was the purpose of the commitee on public information?

-everything ended in a stalemate The French defeated the Germans at the First Battle of the Marne, the Germans would not retreat which lead to trench warfare.

what were the outcomes of the early battles of the war?

8 million troops had died or were wounded, the soldiers deserted, food riots raged in the cities due to starvation and they couldn't continue to fight under the extreme conditions.

why did russia leave the war?

The Zimmerman Note and the sinking of the Lusitania along with attacking passenger ships and the investments the US had in Europe led to this.

why did the US enter WWI?