Social Studies - Chapter 3
Describe Zheng He
- Born in southern China - His family oppose the rise to power of a new government supported by the Chinese army. - His father was killed in battle - Zheng was captured and made the servant of a prince - He impressed the prince with his intelligence and loyalty - The prince and Zhang became friends, and together they plotted to overthrow the emperor. - The prince in Zhang were successful in overthrowing the emperor and the prince became the emperor. He made Zheng the commander of the army. -The new emperor wanted to show China's greatness so he sent out a huge fleet of ships to trade with other countries - Zheng lead seven major voyages - He visited and treated with India and countries of south east Asia the Persian golf and eastern coast of Africa -This information was written by Zheng: "We have travel... Immense water spaces and have beheld waves like mountains rising skyhigh, and we have set eyes on (foreign) regions far away hidden in a blue (miss) of light vapors."
Who is Leif Ericsson?
- He is the son of Eric the Red. - Leif was interested in rumors of the land still farther west. - In 1000, he sail to find it. - When he and his crew set foot upon North America, they were probably the first Europeans to do so.
Describe the ruler named Mansa Musa
- The king was known for his immense wealth - He was carried under a large umbrella that was made of silk toped by a bird fashioned in gold about the size of a falcon. - He was a Muslim who in 1324 went on a pilgrimage to Mecca in the Arabian peninsula that is holy to Muslims. -with him came thousands of people. - Among them were about 500 slaves, each carry a bar of gold wing 4 pounds. The gold was use along the way to pay for travel expenses - The King's journey strengthened the King's ties between Mali and other Muslim nations. - he brought back many Muslim scholars and artist who contributed to life in Mali. - Many of the artists and scholars settled in Timbuktu Timbuktu which had long been a center of trade, Now also became a center of learning. - Mansa Musa ordered a large building for study and worship, the Great Mosque, to be built in Timbuktu.
Mrs. Roberts said that you should know the answers to the following questions:
- The results of Marco Polo's journey - The accomplishments of Zheng He - Details regarding the Silk Road and what it is used for - Explain what you know about the Kingdom of Ghana - Know the results of Mansa Musa's rule in Mali - Know what happened during the Renaissance period In history - Know the history of the Vikings - Able to know impact/affect of the Portuguese exploration
What did European mapmakers use to help them make maps?
- They built on the knowledge of many travelers and geographers around the world. - One tool in particular that help them was developed by Arabs. It was the astrolabe.
How did people in different parts of the world reach out to one another?
- Zheng He's journeys show that the Chinese were learning routes to India and Africa - Mansa Musa's pilgrimage showed how people from west Africa and the Arabian Peninsula traveled between their two regions -The map also shows how the Europeans in the 1300s, we're learning about the people in geography of Africa and Asia.
Give other examples of advances from the Renaissance.
-Ship design it shipbuilding. - Europeans adopted improvements from other cultures, such as the magnetic compass from the Chinese and the Astrolabe from Muslims. - Europeans continue to improve their ships, made them faster and safer to sale than ever before. As their ships were improved, they were able to venture farther and farther from Europe.
Describe the homeland of the Vikings
-Their homeland was Scandinavia in northern Europe. -In their sleep wooden boats, powered only buy sell and or us, they sailed as far east as Asia, as far south as North Africa and as far west as North America
It what year did the kingdom of Ghana to weaken?
1100s But a new empire was emerging in the same area. It would become even richer and larger than Ghana.
In what year did China begin to build an enormous naval fleet?
1400
How long did the renaissance last for?
250 years
Because Europeans could not get good easily it's sparked a new drive to do what?
A drive to find new trade routes to Asia - sea routes
What is a caravan?
A group of traders traveling together. For centuries, caravans on camelback traveled the Sahara bringing goods to and from west Africa.
What is a pilgrimage?
A journey taken for religious reasons
What happened in Timbuktu?
Arab traders bargain to get the best price for their salt in gold. Just as Chinese silk had become worth it's weight in gold so too did salt.
What is another name for the tip of Africa?
Bartholomeu Dias called the tip the "Cape of Storms", but the king of Portugal renamed it the Cape of Good Hope. This name showed the Portuguese hope for sea routes to Asia.
Why was the renaissance a rebirth?
Because it marked a new beginning in arts and sciences and a desire to learn more about the world.
Ghana received the name land of gold because why?
Because it's land was rich in precious mineral
What happened to Calcut after Vasco da Gama landed there?
Before long, Portuguese merchants settled there in Kolkata India. There they bought spices at low prices and ship them back to Europe. Portugal sea routes made it a rich trading empire.
What is slave trade?
Buying and selling of human beings
How did Mali get its wealth?
Caravans continue their trade of gold and salt. In addition European ships from Spain, Portugal, and Italy brought cloth, horses, and other goods to North African ports. Mali traded gold, animal hides, and: nuts for such goods.
What is a Magnetic compass?
Chinese invention that made it possible for sailors to determine their direction far out at sea.
What happened when groups of Vikings came to settle in Vineland?
Conflict broke out with the American Indians living there. By about 1015, those Viking settlers who survived had returned home.
Where ever Chinese ships stopped what happened?
Demand grew for Chinese trade goods.
Describe Greenland.
Despite the name, it was a very cold place .But Eric wanted the place to sound like a good land to settle.
With the Astrolabe and other new tools and ideas what happened?
Different parts of the world were becoming more closely connected.
What happened by the late 1400s?
Europeans had establish new ocean trade routes to Africa and Asia. Soon they would be taking even longer sea journeys - journeys that brought them into contact with the people of other Americas. The Eastern Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere were coming into last in contact with each other.
Describe SONGHAI
Flourished from the middle 1300s through the 1500s. At its peak in the early 1500s, Songhai controlled more land than both Ghana and Mali.
What is the name of the earliest powerful trading kingdom?
Ghana which thrived around 700.
What is a caravan?
Group of traders traveling together
Describe the trips under the command of Zheng He
He and his fleet said sale in 1405. Over the next 28 years, Chinese fleet made seven voyages of trade and exploration. They reached such far off land as the spice Ridge East Indies, India the Persian empire, Arabia and the Red Sea in the east coast of Africa.
Ericsson landed where and on the east coast of what country today?
He landed on Newfoundland on the east coast of what is today Canada.
Who is Bartholomeu Dias?
He was a Portuguese explorer and his three ships sailed with then about 500 miles of Africa's southern tip. Then a violent storms last the tiny fleet for many days. By the time the fierce winds let up, Dias made a startling discovery. His ships have been blown around the southern tip of Africa. They had reach the Indian Ocean. But his crew, far from home and frightened, refuse to go on. So Dias turn back for Portugal.
Who is Vasco da Gama?
He was a Portuguese explorer and in 1497 left Portugal with his four ships and rounded Africa, sailed East across the Indian Ocean, and reached India in 1498. Before long, Portuguese merchants settled there in Calcut, India.
The kings of Ghana hired Muslims as officials to do what?
Help them rule
What caused such a great wealth for Kublai Khan?
Hundreds of years earlier, the Chinese had learned how to weave silk cloth. Over the years, demand for silk grew coming from people as far away as Europe and Africa. It was said that silk became worth it's weight in gold.
What else traveled the silk road?
Ideas, skills and customs also traveled the silk road. Marco Polo's journey meet people in both Asia and Europe want to know more about each other.
Provide an example of how the Renaissance spread to other parts of Europe
In Germany, and about 1450, Johann Gutenberg developed a printing Press, a machine that made it possible to print large numbers of books rapidly. Until this time in Europe, books had to be written copied by hand one at a time this was a very slow process and me book scarce and expensive. Thanks to inventions of Gutenberg another early printers, books became available to many more readers. No new ideas could spread more quickly.
When did Mali reach its peak as an empire?
In early 1300s, during the rule of Mansa Musa.
Describe the kingdom of Mali
It controlled more land than Ghana. Like Ghana, Mali owed its wealth to trade.
What is an Astrolabe?
It is an instrument that helped sailors use the sun and stars to find their location in latitude - their distance from the equator.
What is the silk road?
It was a network of major trade routes between China and other lands.
In about 1350 a new spirit of adventure and curiosity about the rest of the world was emerging forward to the south of Scandinavia in Italy what was that called?
It was known as the Renaissance.
What is a pilgrimage?
Journey taken for religious reasons
Visitors of Ghana called it what?
Land of gold
What is a saga?
Long spoken tales repeated from one generation to the next.
What happened in 1324?
Mansa Musa , King of Mali, for thousands of people on a pilgrimage to Mecca.
How old was Marco polo in 1271 when he set out on his adventure with his father and his uncle
Marco Polo was 17 and they left their home in Venice, a trading city in what is today Italy.
The followers of Islam are called what?
Muslims. Islam begin to spread throughout the region.
Did the Vikings have a written language?
No
Did Prince Henry travel himself?
No, he begin sending Portuguese ships out the voyage the East coast of Africa. On each voyage, explores traveled farther than the last, mapping the African shores and reporting sailing conditions. Portugal ships begin bring home African gold.
What products were new to Marco Polo?
Paper money, coal, gun powder were completely unknown in Europe where Marco Polo came from.
Which country took the lead to find new sea routes?
Portugal took the lead.
Prince Henry became known as what?
Prince Henry the navigator
What does the word renaissance mean?
Rebirth
After Mansa Musa's rule, which other trading kingdom rules in West Africa?
SONGHAI
Ghana lacked which important resource?
Salt
The region between the Sahara and west Africa became home to what?
Several powerful trading kingdoms
Who was Eric the Red?
She sailed west to the island of Iceland. But Eric was sooner thrown out of Iceland too. So he sailed west again and in about 982, he came to a place here called Greenland.
What were other reasons the Chinese had riches?
The Chinese also developed other valuable trade goods, including tea and spices. Europeans wanted spices to preserve food and to improve its flavor.
Who transported the African captives to Europe?
The Portuguese in leader other Europeans, begin transporting African kept us to Europe, where they became servants or slaves. He sleeve, unlike a servant is owned by a person and has no freedom.
Why do they call a camel the ship of the desert?
The Sahara Desert is like a great sea of sand. But instead of waves you cross endlessly shifting sand dunes and when you're sitting on a camel swing back-and-forth, often it is a struggle just stay on the camels back.
What happened in the early 1400s?
The demand of Europeans for goods from Asia, especially spices, was stronger than ever. But Europeans could not get these goods easily. The silk road and other land roots were long and dangerous. They were often control by merchants who charge a high price for trade.
Who was Prince Henry?
The king of Portugal son. He gathered together the best and most experienced the captains, map makers, ship designers and other experts from many countries. They share their knowledge higher cruise and design ships that could develop new sea routes. And you got ships along the way, the experts improved methods of navigation.
What happened in about 700?
The kingdom of Ghana thrived in west Africa
What happened in the early 1500s?
The kingdom of SONGHAI reached its peak
What Is an emperor?
The ruler of an empire.
What did the wealth from trade with places in other parts of the world create? (For example Marco Polo's Venice)
The wealth from trade help to support the arts and learning. For example, the Italians studied the learning of ancient European cultures such as Greeks and Romans, and other cultures in the world such as Chinese and Arabs.
What was the goal of Marco Polo's family?
They Polos were merchants and their goal was to bring back valuable trade Goods from China.
What else did the Arab traders bring?
They also brought their religion, Islam, with them to West Africa.
What happened when Marco Polo and his family reached Shangdo?
They became guests of Kublai Khan, the Emperor
Since the Vikings did not have a written language how do we know about their adventures of thousands of years ago?
They created long spoken tales called sagas.
What did Leif Erickson and his men find in Newfoundland?
They found grapes growing there so they called the place Vineland or "Land of Wine".
What is navigation?
This is the sign sailoirs used to plot their course and find their location far from land.
Why was it called Greenland?
To encourage Icelanders to come.
What was the mission of the Chinese naval fleet?
To expand Chinese trade and to show Chinese power.
How did salt come in to Ghana?
Trading routes developed bringing salt into Ghana in exchange for its plentiful gold. Arab traders from north Africa brought salt from the Sahara two cities on the southern edge of the desert like Timbuktu.
What was the largest naval fleet ever assembled at that time?
With more than 300 ships, the Chinese navy was the largest fleet ever assembled up to that time
Did exploration continue after Prince Henry died in 1460?
Yes Portuguese exploration continued.
Did the Renaissance spread?
Yes to other parts of Europe.
Did Ghana's rulers grow rich from trade?
Yes, it's kings charge taxes on all imports and exports.
Did Portugal profit from slave trade?
Yes, they profited from the buying and selling of human beings. Slavery had existed throughout the world for thousands of years. For example, slavery had existed among the Aztecs and in the west African kingdom of Molly. Slave traders took captured people into an out of Africa along the Sahara trade routes. Many Arabs, Africans, and Europeans or participated in the slave trade by capturing people and forcing them into slavery. In the 1400s, the slave trade grew.
For the polos impressed by the Royal Palace in Shangdo?
Yes, they were astounded with its riches.
Where these sagas written down later on?
Yes, they were written down later on. Archaeological evidence also tells us about these early explorers.
Were the Vikings skilled sailors?
Yes.
Who was the commander of the Chinese naval fleet?
Zheng He
