Social Studies: Chapter 7 and Chapter 8
How could Marquette tell that the Mississippi River was not the Northwest Passage?
The River continued to flow south. When the group traveled almost 1,000 miles they had to turn back and head north.
What were the Spanish accomplishing on the west coast at the same time time the English colonists were uniting on the east coast?
The Spanish were accomplishing the Townshend Acts. These were also laws, but they placed a tariff, a tax on imported goods, on paper, wool, tea, and other goods that the colonies imported from Britain. British leaders hoped that colonists would agree to pay these tariffs.
What did the Tea Act force colonists to do? What were the two goals of the Tea Act? How did the colonists react to this act?
The Tea Act forced the colonists to buy tea only from the East India Company. The Tea Act was another law passed by Parliament. If you owned a store in the colonies, you would have to buy your tea from the East India Company. You would have to pay taxes when you bought the tea. Two goals of the tea act was to help the struggling East India Company and make the colonists pay taxes to Britain. The colonists reacted to this act by stopping British ships that were carrying tea.
What caused the conflict between the English and the French in the Ohio River valley?
The claiming of the land. When La Salle reached the mouth of the Mississippi River he claimed the river and all of its tributaries. he claimed it all for France. The French began building forts to defend this region. As well as the French, the English also claimed the Ohio River valley. That led to a conflict between the English and the French.
What happened to Washington and his men at Fort Necessity in July, 1754?
Washington and his men got attacked at Fort Necessity, in July, 1754, when the French attacked on a rainy day in July, 1754. Washington was forced to surrender after many of his men were killed or badly wounded. Soaked and exhausted, the soldiers returned to Virginia.
What was the first permanent Spanish settlement in what is now the United States?
St. Augustine. The Spanish founded St. Augustine on the east coast of Florida.
The white cross the Pueblo leader, Juan, carried to Santa Fe meant __________
Surrender
Why did the American colonists protest thee Stamp Act with cries of "taxation without representation?" Why did this mean?
The American colonies already had a long tradition of self-government. It meant they never voted for Parliament, colonists complained, so Parliament had no right to tax them. That idea led them to a protest: "No taxation without representation!"
How did the backcountry of the Appalachian differ from the Ohio River valley?
The Appalachians had rocky soil, but the Ohio River Valley had rich, fertile soil.
Describe the Boston Tea Party. Do you think the colonists were right to rebel in this way? Why?
The Boston Tea party was when members of the Sons of Liberty disguised themselves as Mohawks and dumped British tea into the harbor. When the rowed out to the British ships they were shouting, "Boston Harbor a teapot tonight!" They were also singing a new song: "Rally Mohawks! Bring out your axes and tell King George, we'll pay no taxes!" British leaders were furious when this news reached to London.
What was one effect of King Philip's War?
The English settlers controlled most of New England. This happened dafter Metacom died int he King Philip's War. Once Metacom died the English settlers won the war.
How did the French and Indian War impact the Native Americans?
The French and Indian War impacted the Native Americans because the traditional lands of many American Indian people were now part of the British empire. Most British settlers were eager to move onto this land. The French lost a lot of land, though.
What Native American groups were living on the Southwest lands which Spain was claiming?
The Pueblo, Apache, and Navajo. Then, the Spanish started to claim it. The town that the Native American groups were living in was called Santa Fe, capital of New Mexico.
What was the Pontiac's rebellion?
A fight between the Native Americans and British. The Native Americans attacked British forts and settlements in the Ohio River valley and along the Great Lakes. Pontiac, the Ottawa leader, won several victories before the British put down the rebellion. Pontiac was the one who told the Ottawa to attack the British.
Describe the Stamp Act that was put on the colonists in 1765.
A tax on printed materials in the colonist, such as legal documents, newspaper,s, and even playing card. Colonists had to buy a stamp and put it on the item they bought to show they had payed tax.
Give examples of how information from Native Americans helped the French traders adapt to North America and how Native Americans benefited from meeting the French.
By showing the French how to build canoe and snowshoes. They build built canoes from birch bark, and the snowshoes were for walking in the deep snow. Native Americans also told the French about a big River to the west. The Native Americans benefited from meeting the French because they traded goods.
How did Spanish settlers solve the problems of New Mexico being unsuitable for farming and mining?
By using the open grassland for sheep and cattle ranching. Some wealthy ranchers built haciendas or large estates. Haciendas were often self-sufficient communities, with vegetables gardens, workshops, and mills. Many Native Americans lived in haciendas though, but some Spanish settlers lived in haciendas too.
Spanish ranchers grazed ___________ on the grasses of the haciendas
Cattle
Effect: The victory helped the British win the French and Indian War
Cause: British forces captured Quebec in September 1759
Effect: The English settlers won the war and gained control of most of New England
Cause: Metacom was killed after a bitter year of fighting
Cause: The English settlers were willing to fight for the land they wanted
Effect: King Philip's War began
Cause: English settlers wanted more land to build towns and farms. They began moving west.
Effect: Native Americans who lived on the lands for many years resisted English settlements
Cause: By the mid-1700s, settlers moved as far west as the Ohio River valley-- a region claimed by both France and Great Britain
Effect: The French and Indian War began
New Mexico was connected to Mexico City by ____________________
El Camino Real
After a series of bloody battles between the __________ and the Spanish, Florida became part of New Spain
French
Who led the British troops to the Ohio River valley to force the French out?
George Washington. He was to send a letter to the French saying that they had to leave the area immediately, but the French refused to do so. Then, Washington commanded 150 soldiers and built a fort where the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers join to form the Ohio River. He noticed that the French were already there, and they already started to build their own fort, For Duquesne.
The Spanish hoped to find __________ in New Mexico.
Gold and silver
What did La Salle do when he reached the mouth of the Mississippi River?
He claimed the valley for France. He also claimed all of the river's tributaries. A tributary is a stream or river that flows into a larger river.
Why do you think Father Serra wanted to establish missions in New Spain?
He wanted to spread his religion. The stories that interested him most were those about missionaries who traveled to distant lands to try and spread their religion. that is what inspired him to establish missions. When Serra was in California he set up a chain of nine missions. He eventually established 21 missions in California.
What was George Grenville's solution for lowering Britain's debt?
His idea was to tax the colonists. Money raised from taxing the colonists would be used to help pay the costs of defending the colonies, according to Grenville's plan. King George III, Britain's king, supported the idea of taxing the colonists, and so did many other members of Parliament.
In his famous speech, Patrick Henry states, "I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!" Henry is saying that death would be better than being denied your freedom. Do you agree or disagree? Why?
I agree with Patrick Henry when he said that death would be better than being denied your freedom because you are going to be troubled when you aren't given your freedom. Your not going to be living your life they way you want it to be. I don't want to be told as to what to do. When you given death you don't have to be worried about being troubled.
Why did the Boston Massacre occur on March 5, 1770? What caused Britain soldiers to fire at the colonists?
It occurred on March 5, 1770 because Edward Garrick was yelling aloud insults at Hugh White, a British soldiers on duty. White lost his temper and hit Garrick with the his musket. Garrick's friends started calling White "bloodyback!" and "lobster." Colonists pelt the soldiers with snowballs, icicles, and oyster shells. The British then fire their weapons which led to the Boston Massacre.
What did the French and Indian War officially end? What land did the British gain?
It officially ended the British forces captured Quebec in September 1759 and when they signed the Treaty of Paris in 1763. The British took over most of New France. The French were left with a little bit of land in the Bahamas.
What was the Proclamation of 1763? How did the colonists react to the proclamation?
It was a law issued by King George III stating that colonists were no longer allowed to settle on land west of the Appalachian Mountains. The colonists were not happy with this proclamations, or official announcement. Tensions between the colonists and the British government.
How did the location of new Orleans help the city to grow?
It was on the mouth of the Mississippi River and there were big trading posts there.
How did the time of year effect La Salle's journey down the Mississippi River?
It was winter. They put their cones on sleds and then they dragged them over the snow and frozen streams. They started their journey along the Mississippi River in February 1682.
What caused the King Philip's War?
Metacom's, son of Cheif Massasoit, goal to force the English out of new England. The English called Metacom "King Philip," so the war was named the King Philip's War. Metacom was killed after a bitter year of fighting. English settlers won the King Philip's War and controlled most of New England.
The capital of New Spains was ____________
Mexico City
Father Junipero Serra found Spanish _____________ in another part of New Spain, California.
Missions
What What effect did the Sons of Liberty have on the Stamp Act?
Not a single agent dared to sell stamps in the colonies was the effect the Sons of Liberty had on the Stamp Act. Their plan worked.
Why did Parliament decide to repeal the Townshend Acts? Why did they keep the tax on tea?
Parliament decided to repeal the Townshend Acts because the colonial boycott was hurting British businesses. Parliament cancelled all taxes but one. They kept the tax on tea because British leaders knew they would not collect much money for the tea tax. Their goal was to still show colonists they had the right to tax them.
After moving into Florida, the Spanish expanded into a region they called New Mexico. The town of ____________ was founded and named the capital.
St. Augustine
The Intolerable Acts forced many colonists to take a side in the conflict between Boston and Britain. What was the difference between being a Patriot or a Loyalist?
Patriots were people who opposed British rule, and the Loyalists were colonists who remained loyal to King George and British government. This caused many families to separate because some members of the family were Loyalists and some were Patriots.
In 1680, a Pueblo leader named _________________ led a revolt against the Spanish in New Mexico
Pope
Settlers started moving across the Appalachian Mountains into the Ohio River valley. Who else was claiming this land?
Powerful Native American tribes and the French claimed the land when settlers started moving across the Appalachian Mountains into the Ohio River valley. The French were claiming the land for New France and powerful Native American tribes lived there.
Who established the Sons of Liberty? What was the purpose of forming this group?
Samuel Adams established the Sons of Liberty. The Sons of Liberty was a group that led protest against the new tax. They were soon started in town throughout the colonies. The purpose of forming this group was so they could burn stamps and threaten stamp agents, the people who were hired to collect the stamp taxes. In many towns, stamp agents were attacked or their homes were destroyed.
The Spanish founded ______________ in 1718
San Antonio
By 1929, the __________ were able to recapture New Mexico
Spanish
In 1565, Pedro Menendez de Aviles led a small fleet of ______________ warships to Florida.
Spanish
In the fighting that became known as the Pueblo Revolt, the _____________ were driven out of New Mexico
Spanish
Describe three causes of the Pueblo Revolt. What was the result of the revolt?
Spanish were enslaving Pueblo people, sending some to Mexico, and they were making mission sin New Mexico. The result was that the Pueblo people were ready to fight.
How did the colonists react to the Townshend Acts? How ere colonial women supportive?
The colonists reaction tot he Townshend Acts was to boycott British imports. A boycott is a refusal to buy goods. Many colonists would rather do without British products than pay the taxes. Colonial women were supportive because they started making all of the imported goods themselves. They made tea out of berries and herbs. Instead of British wool the Daughters of Liberty started weaving cloth.
Why were the leaders of New France eager to explore the Mississippi River? Who explored the river for the French?
The control of this River would help them reach new lands where they could build trading posts. The French were still hoping to find a Northwest Passage. They wondered if the Mississippi River could be the Northwest Passage. Jacques Marquette and Jolliet explored the river for the French.
Why was Great Britain facing huge debts as a result of the French and Indian War?
The high cost of keeping thousands of British soldiers in North American to protect the colonies was making things worse. Great Britain needed more money to do everything for the soldiers.
What three things did the First Continental Congress agree to do?
The one thing the First Continental Congress agreed to do was to stop all trade with Britain. They also agreed that each colony should begin training militias, or volunteer armies. The colonial leaders also agreed that they would meet in one year if this didn't work. Colonists hoped that their dispute with Britain could be settled peacefully.
How was Boston punished after the Boston Tea Party? List the three ways the city was punished.
The punishments Boston had after the Boston Tea Party were that the British soldiers who had been removed from Boston after the Boston Massacre were no sent back. The colonists were ordered to feed and house the soldiers. Another punishment was the the colony of Massachusetts was put under the control of a British general named Thomas Gage. The last punishment that Boston got was that the port of Boston was closed. No ships would be allowed to come or go until the people of Boston paid for the tea they had destroyed.
What was the purpose of the Committee of Correspondence?
The purpose of the Committee of Correspondence was to share news about local events. These letters were delivered by "express riders" on fast horses. John Adams formed the Committee of Correspondence.
How were Spanish haciendas similar to a Southern plantations?
They both had workshops and fields where vegetable gardens were located. Also, they were both self-sufficient. There were no slaves working in haciendas, but they did in a Southern plantation. Native Americans worked in haciendas. Slaves worked in Southern plantations.
How were the Townshend Acts similar to the Stamp Act? How were they different?
They both taxed the colonists on imported goods. They were different because the Stamp Act placed a tax on the colonists on printed material in the colonies, such as legal documents, newspapers, and even playing card.s. The Townshend Acts taxed colonists on paper, wool, and other goods form Britain.
What did the Son of Liberty do to threaten the stamp agents?
They created a life-sized puppet of the local stamp agent and hung it from a tree, and then they pinned a sign on the puppet saying, "What greater joy did New England see, than a stamp man hanging on a tree," to threatened the stamp agents. They burned down homes, attacked agents.
How do you think the Native Americans felt about Junipero Serra?
They must have though Serra was a bad person who was trying to take over their land. they also must have felt very mad when Serra took over their land because he forced them to follow his religion.
Why did Parliament repeal the Stamp Act> Were they don taxing the colonies?
They repealed the Stamp Act because they were scared from the Sons of Liberty's threats. They were not done taxing the colonies though. Britain still needed money, so Parliament passed the Townshend Acts. These laws placed a tariff on paper, wool, tea, and other goods that were imported from Britain. British leaders hoped to show the colonists who were in charge.
What series of events helped Great Britain win the war?
They sent more soldiers and supplies to fight in North America and were helped by the Iroquois, who agreed to join the British side in 1759. Iroquois leaders hoped by the Iroquois, who agreed to join the British side in 1795. Iroquois leaders hoped that victory in the battle would increase their power and maintain control of their lands. Also, they won the battle of Quebec.
Why did Spanish want to establish a settlement in Florida?
They wanted a settlement that would prevent the French or English from gaining a foothold in this part of North America. They also wanted to expand New Spain.
Why were the British trying to capture For Duquesne?
They wanted more land. George Washington was with this army that chopped their way through the Pennsylvania forests. The British were attacked by French and Indian forces. Washington wrote that many British soldiers panicked and "ran as sheep before the hounds." He also wrote to his family saying,".... I had four bullets through my coat and two horses shot under, me and yet escaped unhurt." They also wanted the resources of the Ohio River.
Why did the Spanish begin to build missions in New Mexico?
They wanted to convert Native Americans to Christians. They Spanish build presidios, or military forts, to protect these missions.
Why did settlers start to move to the back country?
They wanted to own more land and others were in search of their families. Back country was a rugged stretch of land near the Appalachian Mountains. Building log cabins, hunting, and carving small farms from the rock soil were some of the things that families did.
What did the Iroquois leader Hendrick mean when he said that the British and French were "quarreling about lands which belong to us, and their quarrel may end in out destruction?"
They were fighting and quarreling for lands that belonged to the Iroquois and in their quarreling the "quarreling about lands which belong to us, and their quarrel may end in our destruction."
What was the goal of the Stamp Act Congress?
To repeal, or cancel, the Stamp Act. Christopher Gadsden of South Carolina summed up the feeling of cooperation that was growing in the colonies. He wrote, "There ought to be no more New England men, no New Yorkers..... but all of us Americans."
John Adams chose to defend the British soldiers who were involved in the Boston Massacre. How does this show his respect for the law?
When John Adams chose to defend the British soldiers who were involved in the Boston Massacre, it showed his respect for the law because despite of paying for the soldiers, he defended them. John Adams opposed British taxes and did not like having British soldiers in Boston. The court ruled that the soldiers were not guilty of murder.
