Social Studies SS8H7: The New South

What amendments were used to justify Plessy vs. Ferguson?

14th and 15th

Atlanta Race Riot of 1906

48 hour riot in Atlanta caused by economic competition and false newspaper accounts of African-American men attacking white women; several African-Americans were killed during the riot

Who were the three members of the Bourbon Triumvirate?

Brown, Colquitt, Gordon (BroCoGo)

Why did W.E.B. DuBois criticize of Booker T. Washington?

He argued that African Americans should focus on establishing themselves in society through hard work and education.

What was unique about Alonzo Herndon's success?

He was a former slave who used his wealth to build businesses and owned a mansion in Atlanta.

In the newspapers, how was Leo Frank portrayed?

He was convicted in people's minds before it ever went to trial

How did the Leo Frank trial conclude (end)?

He was found guilty and sentenced to death even though the evidence was falsified and conflicting.

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

What were the economic issues surrounding the Leo Frank case?

Poor Georgians resented northern businessmen who came to the South to make money

What was the result of the Plessy vs Ferguson Supreme Court case?

Separate but Equal applied to public facilities

Tom Watson

Started the RFD system and the Populist Party; originally a friend to blacks but turned against minorities

Plessy v. Ferguson (1892)

Supreme Court case that established the separate but equal doctrine thus promoting segregation

What was one effect of the 1906 riot in Atlanta?

The city became more segregated

Populist Party

U.S. political party formed in 1892 representing mainly farmers,

The Talented Tenth

W.E.B. Dubois' concept of an elite group of college educated African-Americans who would use their talents and position to eradicate segregation in American society

How were W.E.B DuBois and Booker T. Washington's views different?

Washington was tolerant (accepting) of racial discrimination while DuBois argued that they should demand equal treatment

Poll tax

a charge that many poor blacks and whites could not pay in order to vote; a method of disenfranchising

Literacy Test

a disenfranchising tactic that required voters to pass a reading and writing test in order to vote

International Cotton Expositions (ICE)

a series of three large events (1881, 1885, 1895) established to display Atlanta's growth and industrial capabilities and to lure Northern investment to the region

militia

a volunteer army

What was the focus of Booker T. Washington's ICE speech in 1895?

advancement through education

What was the Supreme Court's decision in Plessy vs. Ferguson?

allowed racial segregation of public facilities

W.E.B. DuBois

civil rights leader and college professor who fought for immediate social and political rights for African-Americans

Grandfather Clause

disenfranchisement law that said if a person's father could vote before the Civil War they would be able to vote as well

What policy would the Bourbon Triumvirate have likely supported?

expanding railroads and mining

Fictional

fake, not real

Why was Tom Watson critical of Henry Grady?

for supporting industry over farming

Why was ICE (International Cotton Exposition) an important success for Georgia?

it attracted northern industry

Jim Crow laws

laws created by state legislatures to deny African-Americans citizenship rights

Pardon

legal forgiveness of a crime

Rural Free Delivery Act

legislation proposed by Georgia Congressman Tom Watson that provided free mail delivery to rural areas of the country

Henry Grady

managing editor for the Atlanta Journal who promoted the concept of the "New South"

Lynching

murder by a mob

How did the Supreme Court's decision in Plessy vs. Ferguson impact society in the South?

nearly every aspect of life throughout the region became segregated along racial lines

New South

period after Reconstruction where political and community leaders in the South sought to diversify Georgia's economy and bring Northern technology and/or investments into the state

What political influence did the Bourbon Triumvirate have in Georgia?

restrictions on the rights of African Americans

What did Henry Grady use his newspaper to support?

southern industrial growth

Alonzo Herndon

successful black entrepreneur; owner of Atlanta Life Insurance Company and richest black man in Atlanta at the time of his death

How did Henry Grady contribute to Georgia's economic transformation after Reconstruction?

support for vocational education and industry

What group reemerged after the Leo Frank case?

the Ku Klux Klan

literacy

the ability to read and write

What did the organizers International Cotton Exposition hope to achieve?

the recovery of Atlanta from the Civil War

Bourbon Triumvirate

three powerful Georgia politicians (Joseph E. Brown, Alfred H. Colquitt, and John B. Gordon) who dominated Georgia politics for over 20 years. They served as U.S Senator and as Governor of Georgia.

Disenfranchisement

to deprive a person the right to vote or rights of citizenship

What was Alonzo Herndon's goal in the early 1900's?

to help African Americans succeed in business

What was the purpose of the Jim Crow laws that were passed during Reconstruction?

to keep the same social order as it was before the war

Why did southern legislatures enact Jim Crow laws during the New South Era?

to prevent African Americans from exercising their rights

What was the purpose of Jim Crow laws?

to racially segregate public facilities

Leo Frank Case

trial where a Northern Jewish pencil factory manager was accused of murdering 13 year old Mary Phagan;