Sociology CH 1, 2, & 3

In Kohlberg's theory of moral development, the stage in which the child has no sense of right or wrong and only personal needs to be satisfied is the ________ stage.

Amoral

Of the following, which discipline is most appropriately classified as a natural science

Biology

The sociologist responsible for suggesting the connection between history and biography to explain the sociological imagination was ________

C. Wright Mills

In his book, Sick Societies, anthropologist Robert Edgerton proposed that cultures should be evaluated on their "quality of life" and not just automatically accepted. This is contrary to which of the following sociological concepts?

Cultural Relativism

The two anthropologists who studied the Hopi Indians and concluded that language has embedded within it ways of looking at the world were.....

Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf

Sociologists are now developing what they call _________, which emphasizes the influence of genes on human behavior.

Genetic Informed Sociology

More than twenty years prior to the birth of Durkheim and Weber, Society in America, an analysis of American social customs, was published by sociologist

Harriet Martineau

The social thinker of the 19th century who predicted that there would be a classless society once the working class united and began a revolution was

Karl Marx

Symbols can be strung together in an infinite number of ways for the purpose of communicating abstract thought. This is referred to as ________.

Language

College provides a haven for several million potential workers who are classified as "students" rather than "unemployed," which helps stabilize the job market. This situation represents what Merton would describe as a ________.

Latent Function

The contemporary conflict sociologist who pointed out that conflict is most likely to develop among people in close relationships was ________

Lewis Coser

According to Robert Merton, ________ are the intended beneficial consequences of people's actions.

Manifest Functions

Good nutrition, medical care, comfortable housing, and a nice car are included in a classification of values in American society that sociologist Robin Williams would call ________.

Material comfort

Morris is 3 years old and is just beginning to talk. He can count to 10 but is not altogether sure what numbers actually mean. According to Piaget, Morris is in the ________ stag

Preoperatational

What distinction did sociologist Frances Perkins hold in American history?

She was the first woman to hold a presidential cabinet position.

When sociologists' group people into categories based on their age, gender, educational level, job, and income, they are trying to determine ________

Social Location

A young woman is contemplating a particular behavior, in this case, dropping out of college. She is also considering an awareness of the self in relationship to others to avoid feelings of shame and embarrassment. This is referred to as her ________.

Social Mirror

In America, why is Spanish, rather than English, continuously spoken from generation to generation, with greater commitment than any other non-English speaking language?

There is a constant influx of new Hispanic immigrants into the U.S.

What is the proposed source of the six specific emotions that Paul Ekman identified as being present in all cultures?

They are a product of our genes

What did Robert E. Park, Ernest Burgess, and George Herbert Mead have in common?

They were among the first faculty members in the sociology department at the University of Chicago.

Americans usually recognize hard work, education, and efficiency as desired qualities. Where one of these qualities is found, the other two also apply. This is an example of ________.

Value Cluster

According to Max Weber, the Protestant ethic was a central factor in the birth of ________

capitalism

Karl Marx believed that ________ was the central force for social change, while Max Weber believed that ________ was the force most responsible for social change.

economics; religion

The refusal of Christians to accept Islam as a valid religion is a form of ________, while the sincere effort to understand the practice of having multiple wives in some societies is a form of ________.

ethnocentrism; cultural relativism

At the first meeting of the American Sociological Society, attendees discussed the primary reason for sociology as the practical application to the improvement of social life. This goal of sociology was aligned with the discipline's ________ stage of development in the United States.

first

The theorist who is sometimes referred to as "the second founder of sociology" was _______

herbert spencer

Sociologists have identified an emerging set of five interrelated values in American society. What are these emerging values?

leisure, self-fulfillment, physical fitness, youthfulness, and environmental concern. FLYSE

The notion that only the fittest members of society deserve to survive and that social programs to help the poor will ultimately weaken the social order is a doctrine known as ________.

social Darwinism

The automobile, and the skills needed to drive it, would be an example of _

technology

Max Weber used the term Verstehen to mean ________.

to grasp by insight