Sociology Ch 4
Which of the following are examples of socialization?
- A child shows a parent how to check email using a smartphone. - A parent teaches a child not to burp at the dinner table. - Someone acts visibly uncomfortable when a coworker tells a sexist joke.
First goal of socialization examples
- Parents teach children how to eat food -schools teach students how to gain employment that will allow them to provide for themselves
Second goal of socialization example
- schools teach students that gainful employment is something to be valued and respected -peers teach youth what type of clothing is stylish and desirable
Public elementary and secondary schools in the United States were first established in the
1800s
Examples of Frontstage
A manager tells a new employee that he will get the hang of things soon enough. A professor walks into the first day of a new class with a complete syllabus and expresses to the students an enthusiasm about how this semester will go.
Examples of backstage
A shift manager expresses worry to his boss that a new employee may never get the hang of the job. A professor tells a colleague that he does not think he has prepared enough for the classes he must teach this semester.
role exit example
A straight-A student decides to quit her sorority to focus on her grades.
role conflict example
A straight-A student who spent most of her time studying in high school joins a sorority and faces increased pressure to spend less time studying.
example of role conflict
A worker having to leave work early to care for a sick child
example of role strain
A worker struggling to decide what task to get done first
example of superego
Ed has the opportunity to cheat on his wife but chooses not to because he knows it will hurt her and possibly destroy their marriage.
Identify the items as either "expressions given" or "expressions given off" according to Goffman.
Expressions given off are observable and can be either intended or unintended but are usually nonverbal. a shrug of the shoulders, thumbs up, a raise of an eyebrow
role example
Fraternity and sorority members are required to devote a significant amount of time to social events and community service each semester.
example of ego
Justine wants to copy her roommate's homework but is afraid her roommate will catch her.
Cristopher Knight
Left civilization at 20, lived undetected in the woods for 27 years and established a private island and campsite where he lived in complete isolation
What, in a nutshell, does the dramaturgical theory of society say about human life?
Life is essentially a play
example of id
Mark eats a whole pint of chocolate double fudge ice cream because he wants it
attributes
People quickly make assumptions about what women, Asians, doctors, or alcoholics are like and may judge them according to those expectations rather than their actual __
Which of the following is an example of the hidden curriculum?
Students are taught to dress and behave in a specific manner by teachers and other staff members
Findings and effects about 13 Reasons why in the months following its debut
Suicide rates among young people ages ten to seventeen surged in the month after the series came out. In the nine months after the show's premiere, there were 195 more suicide deaths in the 10-17 age group than would have otherwise been expected.
what are likely outcomes for a child who is deprived of contact with agents of socialization
The child will not learn how to communicate through language with others. The child will be unable to relate to other humans.
Preparatory stage
This is the first stage in Mead's theory at which children mimic or imitate others.
Play Stage
This is the second stage in Mead's theory at which children pretend to play the role of the particular or significant other.
Game stage
This is the third stage in Mead's theory at which children play organized games and take on the perspective of the generalized other.
examples of role-taking emotions
You feel embarrassed that you forgot your brother's birthday. You feel sadness for your friend who has just lost her mother to cancer.
status
a position in a social hierarchy that carries a particular set of expectations
The difference between role strain and role conflict is that role strain is about the competing demands imposed by
a single role
achieved status
a status earned through individual effort or imposed by others
embodied status
a status generated by physical characteristics
Master status
a status that is always relevant and affects all other statuses we possess
ascribed status
a status that is inborn; usually difficult or impossible to change
Superego
avoids situations that violate moral principles and do not fit our sense of self.
Examples of embodied status
blind paraplegic
Master statuses
carry with them expectations that may blind people to other facets of our personalities.
Mind, self & society
children gain a sense of self through imitation, play & games in which they learn various roles & take on the perspectives of others
dramaturgy
children learn the art of impression management and may present a different self to their parents than to other children or teachers
examples of achieved status
college graduate doctor ex-convict
role conflict is about competing demands imposed by
different roles
Timeline of stages of child development on the timeline in chronological order, according to George Herbert Mead's theory of the development of the social self.
early: preparatory, play stage, late: game stage
An employee works to appease customers and appears as if they care but in reality does not feel the emotions they're expressing.
emotional labor, status
role-taking emotions
emotions such as sympathy, embarrassment, or shame that require that we assume the perspective of another person or group and respond accordingly
role strain
experienced when there are contradictory expectations within one role
role conflict
experienced when we occupy two or more roles with contradictory expectations
Arlie Hochschild's 1983 research on emotional labor focused on people in two professions: bill collectors and
flight attendants
id
focuses on maximizing pleasure and avoiding pain without acknowledging consequences.
Pablo comes from a low-income family but worked hard in school and earned a full scholarship to Stanford University. Pablo is worried that his peers and professors will recognize his background and treat him differently, so he wears new clothes and attempts to hide his accent on the first day of classes. When Pablo goes home for the weekend, he leaves his new clothes behind in his dorm and does not mask his accent. Which sociological concept best explains Pablo's behavior and interactions with others?
impression management
Stereotyping
judgement where people quickly make assumptions about someone rather than their actual attributes
looking glass self
part of Cooley's theory that our sense of self is derived from how we imagine others see us, and the feelings about ourselves based on the perceived judgments of others.
Identify the most predominant agents of socialization.
peers, schools, family, media
Louwanda Evans's book on emotional labor and flight attendants adds which dimension to Arlie Hochschild's original conception of emotional labor?
race
Ego
realistic and recognizes consequences but not out of a sense of moral obligation.
Emotional labor
refers to how workers are expected to manage—and sell—their feelings in the name of good service.
The Roma
refuse to wash and shave ,do not eat for three days and absorb themselves in the process of mourning after the death of a loved one.
George Herbert Mead's theory of the development of the social self
seeing the perspective of the generalized other leads to the development of the self.
Which of the following scenarios are violations of dominant feeling rules in the United States?
snorting and expressing disgust at the bride's dress at a wedding laughing and expressing joy at a funeral
The story of Christopher Knight is an example of which sociological concept?
social isolation
Socialization is a twofold process. It includes the process by which a
society, culture, or group teaches individuals to become functioning members, and the process by which individuals learn and internalize the values and norms of the group.
Psychoanlaysis
stems from Freud's theory of the unconscious mind as composed of an interrelated system (id, ego, superego) that underlies human behavior; personality develops through psychosexual stages.
dramaturgical theory
suggests that social life is like a play, with actors, scripts, costumes and sets, all "performed" on a metaphorical stage.
The Maori believe
that death is not final until all funeral rites, which take an entire year, are complete.
define impression management
the effort to control the impressions we make on others so that they form a desired view of us and the situation.
Justine never really thought of herself as a funny person, but her new friends always tell her she's very funny. Justine has started telling more jokes to her friends and recently signed up for improv comedy classes. Which sociological concept best explains Justine's interactions with her friends and beliefs about herself?
the looking-glass self
Define Emotional labor
the process of evoking, suppressing, or otherwise managing your own feelings to create a publicly observable display of emotion.
What is the definition of socialization?
the process of learning and internalizing the values, beliefs & norms of our social group, by which we become functioning members of society
role
the set of behaviors expected of someone because of their status
hidden curriculum
the values or behaviors that students learn indirectly over the course of their schooling because of the structure of the educational system and the teaching methods used.
Expressions given
those that are intentional and usually verbal. saying good job to a friend
The Ashanti of Ghana
wear red clothing,smear red clay on their bodies,and wear headbands with red peppersduring times of mourning.
