Sociology Ch 4

Which of the following are examples of socialization?

- A child shows a parent how to check email using a smartphone. - A parent teaches a child not to burp at the dinner table. - Someone acts visibly uncomfortable when a coworker tells a sexist joke.

First goal of socialization examples

- Parents teach children how to eat food -schools teach students how to gain employment that will allow them to provide for themselves

Second goal of socialization example

- schools teach students that gainful employment is something to be valued and respected -peers teach youth what type of clothing is stylish and desirable

Public elementary and secondary schools in the United States were first established in the

1800s

Examples of Frontstage

A manager tells a new employee that he will get the hang of things soon enough. A professor walks into the first day of a new class with a complete syllabus and expresses to the students an enthusiasm about how this semester will go.

Examples of backstage

A shift manager expresses worry to his boss that a new employee may never get the hang of the job. A professor tells a colleague that he does not think he has prepared enough for the classes he must teach this semester.

role exit example

A straight-A student decides to quit her sorority to focus on her grades.

role conflict example

A straight-A student who spent most of her time studying in high school joins a sorority and faces increased pressure to spend less time studying.

example of role conflict

A worker having to leave work early to care for a sick child

example of role strain

A worker struggling to decide what task to get done first

example of superego

Ed has the opportunity to cheat on his wife but chooses not to because he knows it will hurt her and possibly destroy their marriage.

Identify the items as either "expressions given" or "expressions given off" according to Goffman.

Expressions given off are observable and can be either intended or unintended but are usually nonverbal. a shrug of the shoulders, thumbs up, a raise of an eyebrow

role example

Fraternity and sorority members are required to devote a significant amount of time to social events and community service each semester.

example of ego

Justine wants to copy her roommate's homework but is afraid her roommate will catch her.

Cristopher Knight

Left civilization at 20, lived undetected in the woods for 27 years and established a private island and campsite where he lived in complete isolation

What, in a nutshell, does the dramaturgical theory of society say about human life?

Life is essentially a play

example of id

Mark eats a whole pint of chocolate double fudge ice cream because he wants it

attributes

People quickly make assumptions about what women, Asians, doctors, or alcoholics are like and may judge them according to those expectations rather than their actual __

Which of the following is an example of the hidden curriculum?

Students are taught to dress and behave in a specific manner by teachers and other staff members

Findings and effects about 13 Reasons why in the months following its debut

Suicide rates among young people ages ten to seventeen surged in the month after the series came out. In the nine months after the show's premiere, there were 195 more suicide deaths in the 10-17 age group than would have otherwise been expected.

what are likely outcomes for a child who is deprived of contact with agents of socialization

The child will not learn how to communicate through language with others. The child will be unable to relate to other humans.

Preparatory stage

This is the first stage in Mead's theory at which children mimic or imitate others.

Play Stage

This is the second stage in Mead's theory at which children pretend to play the role of the particular or significant other.

Game stage

This is the third stage in Mead's theory at which children play organized games and take on the perspective of the generalized other.

examples of role-taking emotions

You feel embarrassed that you forgot your brother's birthday. You feel sadness for your friend who has just lost her mother to cancer.

status

a position in a social hierarchy that carries a particular set of expectations

The difference between role strain and role conflict is that role strain is about the competing demands imposed by

a single role

achieved status

a status earned through individual effort or imposed by others

embodied status

a status generated by physical characteristics

Master status

a status that is always relevant and affects all other statuses we possess

ascribed status

a status that is inborn; usually difficult or impossible to change

Superego

avoids situations that violate moral principles and do not fit our sense of self.

Examples of embodied status

blind paraplegic

Master statuses

carry with them expectations that may blind people to other facets of our personalities.

Mind, self & society

children gain a sense of self through imitation, play & games in which they learn various roles & take on the perspectives of others

dramaturgy

children learn the art of impression management and may present a different self to their parents than to other children or teachers

examples of achieved status

college graduate doctor ex-convict

role conflict is about competing demands imposed by

different roles

Timeline of stages of child development on the timeline in chronological order, according to George Herbert Mead's theory of the development of the social self.

early: preparatory, play stage, late: game stage

An employee works to appease customers and appears as if they care but in reality does not feel the emotions they're expressing.

emotional labor, status

role-taking emotions

emotions such as sympathy, embarrassment, or shame that require that we assume the perspective of another person or group and respond accordingly

role strain

experienced when there are contradictory expectations within one role

role conflict

experienced when we occupy two or more roles with contradictory expectations

Arlie Hochschild's 1983 research on emotional labor focused on people in two professions: bill collectors and

flight attendants

id

focuses on maximizing pleasure and avoiding pain without acknowledging consequences.

Pablo comes from a low-income family but worked hard in school and earned a full scholarship to Stanford University. Pablo is worried that his peers and professors will recognize his background and treat him differently, so he wears new clothes and attempts to hide his accent on the first day of classes. When Pablo goes home for the weekend, he leaves his new clothes behind in his dorm and does not mask his accent. Which sociological concept best explains Pablo's behavior and interactions with others?

impression management

Stereotyping

judgement where people quickly make assumptions about someone rather than their actual attributes

looking glass self

part of Cooley's theory that our sense of self is derived from how we imagine others see us, and the feelings about ourselves based on the perceived judgments of others.

Identify the most predominant agents of socialization.

peers, schools, family, media

Louwanda Evans's book on emotional labor and flight attendants adds which dimension to Arlie Hochschild's original conception of emotional labor?

race

Ego

realistic and recognizes consequences but not out of a sense of moral obligation.

Emotional labor

refers to how workers are expected to manage—and sell—their feelings in the name of good service.

The Roma

refuse to wash and shave ,do not eat for three days and absorb themselves in the process of mourning after the death of a loved one.

George Herbert Mead's theory of the development of the social self

seeing the perspective of the generalized other leads to the development of the self.

Which of the following scenarios are violations of dominant feeling rules in the United States?

snorting and expressing disgust at the bride's dress at a wedding laughing and expressing joy at a funeral

The story of Christopher Knight is an example of which sociological concept?

social isolation

Socialization is a twofold process. It includes the process by which a

society, culture, or group teaches individuals to become functioning members, and the process by which individuals learn and internalize the values and norms of the group.

Psychoanlaysis

stems from Freud's theory of the unconscious mind as composed of an interrelated system (id, ego, superego) that underlies human behavior; personality develops through psychosexual stages.

dramaturgical theory

suggests that social life is like a play, with actors, scripts, costumes and sets, all "performed" on a metaphorical stage.

The Maori believe

that death is not final until all funeral rites, which take an entire year, are complete.

define impression management

the effort to control the impressions we make on others so that they form a desired view of us and the situation.

Justine never really thought of herself as a funny person, but her new friends always tell her she's very funny. Justine has started telling more jokes to her friends and recently signed up for improv comedy classes. Which sociological concept best explains Justine's interactions with her friends and beliefs about herself?

the looking-glass self

Define Emotional labor

the process of evoking, suppressing, or otherwise managing your own feelings to create a publicly observable display of emotion.

What is the definition of socialization?

the process of learning and internalizing the values, beliefs & norms of our social group, by which we become functioning members of society

role

the set of behaviors expected of someone because of their status

hidden curriculum

the values or behaviors that students learn indirectly over the course of their schooling because of the structure of the educational system and the teaching methods used.

Expressions given

those that are intentional and usually verbal. saying good job to a friend

The Ashanti of Ghana

wear red clothing,smear red clay on their bodies,and wear headbands with red peppersduring times of mourning.