sociology chapter 1
Which of the following statements best illustrates the career advantage a person gains by studying sociology
A police officer understands which categories of people are at high risk of becoming victims of crime.
Who helped launch the discipline of sociology by studying the evils of slavery and also by translating the writings of Auguste Comte?
Harriet Martineau
one of the founding sociologists, urged sociologists to understand a social setting from the point of view of the people in it.
Max Weber
is a way of understanding the world based on science.
Positivism
Social structures sometimes have negative consequences for the operation of society as a whole. Which of the following concepts refers to these negative consequences?
Social dysfunctions
refers to measuring exactly what one intends to measure.
Validity
A simplified description unfairly applied to every person in the same category is called
a stereotype
Which research method asks subjects to respond to a series of items in a questionnaire or an interview?
a survey
Following the thinking of C. Wright Mills, we would expect the sociological imagination to be more widespread in a population
during times of social crisis.
Sarah is spending a summer living in another country where people have a way of life that differs from her own. A sociologist might expect that this experience would lead her to
end up with a greater understanding of both a new way of life and her own way of life.
Because there is more social isolation in rural areas of the United States than in urban areas, we would expect suicide rates to be
higher in rural areas
Sociology differs from the older discipline of philosophy by focusing on
how society actually operates.
Sociologists cannot identify "laws of society" that allow us to precisely predict the behavior of an individual because
human behavior may be patterned, but it is also spontaneous
An accurate criticism of the structural-functional approach is that it
ignores inequality that can generate tension and conflict
An example of a latent function of college is
keeping young people out of a tight labor force, which may not have jobs for them
Building social relationships and creating tens of thousands of jobs are two of the _________ of sports.
latent functions
The recognized and intended consequences of a social pattern are referred to as
manifest functions
Social problems in the United States, such as poverty and gender inequality, are
more serious in poorer countries
In deciding what kinds of questions to ask in their research, sociologists are guided by
one or more theoretical approaches
By stating that the sociological perspective shows us "the strange in the familiar," the text argues that sociologists
reject the familiar idea that people simply decide how to act in favor of the initially strange idea that society shapes our lives.
A criticism of the symbolic-interaction approach is that it
says little about the influence of structural factors such as culture, class, gender, and race.
The _____ approaches are macro-level, describing societies in broad, structural terms.
structural-functional and social-conflict
The theoretical approach in sociology that assumes society is a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability is the
structural-functional approach
The basic idea of the symbolic-interaction approach is that society is
the product of people interacting in countless everyday situations.
The major goal of sociology's pioneers, including Auguste Comte and Emile Durkheim, was
to discover how society actually operates
