sociology chapter 1

Which of the following statements best illustrates the career advantage a person gains by studying sociology

A police officer understands which categories of people are at high risk of becoming victims of crime.

Who helped launch the discipline of sociology by studying the evils of slavery and also by translating the writings of Auguste Comte?

Harriet Martineau

one of the founding sociologists, urged sociologists to understand a social setting from the point of view of the people in it.

Max Weber

is a way of understanding the world based on science.

Positivism

Social structures sometimes have negative consequences for the operation of society as a whole. Which of the following concepts refers to these negative consequences?

Social dysfunctions

refers to measuring exactly what one intends to measure.

Validity

A simplified description unfairly applied to every person in the same category is called

a stereotype

Which research method asks subjects to respond to a series of items in a questionnaire or an interview?

a survey

Following the thinking of C. Wright Mills, we would expect the sociological imagination to be more widespread in a population

during times of social crisis.

Sarah is spending a summer living in another country where people have a way of life that differs from her own. A sociologist might expect that this experience would lead her to

end up with a greater understanding of both a new way of life and her own way of life.

Because there is more social isolation in rural areas of the United States than in urban areas, we would expect suicide rates to be

higher in rural areas

Sociology differs from the older discipline of philosophy by focusing on

how society actually operates.

Sociologists cannot identify "laws of society" that allow us to precisely predict the behavior of an individual because

human behavior may be patterned, but it is also spontaneous

An accurate criticism of the structural-functional approach is that it

ignores inequality that can generate tension and conflict

An example of a latent function of college is

keeping young people out of a tight labor force, which may not have jobs for them

Building social relationships and creating tens of thousands of jobs are two of the _________ of sports.

latent functions

The recognized and intended consequences of a social pattern are referred to as

manifest functions

Social problems in the United States, such as poverty and gender inequality, are

more serious in poorer countries

In deciding what kinds of questions to ask in their research, sociologists are guided by

one or more theoretical approaches

By stating that the sociological perspective shows us "the strange in the familiar," the text argues that sociologists

reject the familiar idea that people simply decide how to act in favor of the initially strange idea that society shapes our lives.

A criticism of the symbolic-interaction approach is that it

says little about the influence of structural factors such as culture, class, gender, and race.

The _____ approaches are macro-level, describing societies in broad, structural terms.

structural-functional and social-conflict

The theoretical approach in sociology that assumes society is a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability is the

structural-functional approach

The basic idea of the symbolic-interaction approach is that society is

the product of people interacting in countless everyday situations.

The major goal of sociology's pioneers, including Auguste Comte and Emile Durkheim, was

to discover how society actually operates