Sociology Chapter 1
Identify the three sociologists who played a part in the development of sociology's structural-functional approach.
August Comte, Herbert Spencer, Emile Durkheim
The term "sociology" was coined in 1838 by:
Auguste Comte
Learning more sociology helps us to
Be more active participants in society, See the constraints in our lives, See the opportunities in our lives
Making use of the sociological perspective encourages
Challenging commonly held beliefs.
The pioneering sociologist who studied patterns of suicide in Europe was
Emile Durkheim
Which woman helped launch the discipline of sociology by studying the evils of slavery and also by translating the writings of Auguste Comte?
Harriet Martineau
Most of today's sociologists agree with Auguste Comte that science is a crucial part of sociology, but most also recognize that
Human behavior is far more complex
Which pioneering sociologist founded Chicago's Hull House to assist immigrants and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize?
Jane Addams
Looking at the United States, high suicide rates are typical of states in which people:
Live spread apart in rural areas
The recognized and intended consequences of a social pattern are referred to as:
Manifest functions
Which of the following early sociologists had an important influence on the development of the social-conflict approach?
Marx
Which founding sociologists urged sociologists to understand a social setting from the point of view of the people in it?
Max Weber
Encouraging people to compete and strive for success are two of the _____ of sports.
Positives
Which discipline defines itself as "the systematic study of human society"?
Sociology
What might a sociologist say about people's selection of marriage partners?
Typically, a person marries someone of similar social position.
Which early U.S. sociologist studied the African American community and served as a founding member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)?
WEB Dubois
Which early sociologist received the first doctorate ever awarded by Harvard University to a person of color?
WEB Dubois
Which of the following examples illustrates a micro-level focus?
a close up focus on social interaction in specific situations
When did sociology become established as an academic discipline in the United States?
about 1900
Unlike simple stereotypes, sociological generalizations:
are offered fair-mindedly with an interest in the truth
Using the symbolic-interaction approach, sports becomes:
becomes less a system than an on-going process
Sociologists use the term "social marginality" to refer to
expectations or rules of behavior that develop from values
Which of the following statements might be made by a sociologist using the gender-conflict approach?
gender-conflict approach- a point of view that focuses on inequality and conflict between men and women
The United States falls within which income category of the world's nations?
high-income nations
Because there is more social isolation in rural areas of the United States than in urban areas, we would expect suicide rates to be:
higher in rural areas
Sociology differs from the older discipline of philosophy by focusing on
how society actually operates
A criticism of the symbolic-interaction approach is that it:
ignores how structural factors such as class affect people's experiences.
The social-conflict approach draws attention to:
inequality
Which of the following is the best example of a latent function of going to college?
latent function- the unrecognized and unintended consequences of any social pattern
According to Comte, people begin to see society as a natural—rather than a supernatural—phenomenon as their society enters which stage of development?
metaphysical
Racial discrimination in professional sports is evident today in:
positions played
Social structures sometimes have negative consequences for the operation of society as a whole. What is the term for these negative consequences?
social dysfunctions
What term is used to describe relatively stable patterns of social behavior?
social structure
Karl Marx, speaking for the social-conflict approach, argued that the point of studying society was
societal change
The main characteristic of the _____ approach is its view of society as orderly and stable.
structural-functional
The "In the Times" article explains that having a college degree today is very important if you're to have
success and money
Which theoretical approach claims that it is not so much what people do that matters as much as what meaning they attach to their behavior?
symbolic-interaction
The major goal of sociology's pioneers, including Comte and Durkheim, was:
to discover how society actually operates
Which of the following is a reason that it is important to understand the world beyond our own borders?
• Where we live makes a great difference in shaping our lives. • Societies throughout the world are increasingly interconnected through technology and economics. • Many problems that we face in the United States are more serious elsewhere. • Thinking globally is a good way to learn more about ourselves.