Sociology Chapter 11: Family
what are five recent trends in marriage and family in the united states
-delayed marriage -delayed child bearing and childlessness -dual earner marriages -one parent families -remarriage
functions of the family
-regulation of sexual activity -reproduction -socialization -economic and emotion security
what are four reasons for high divorce rate in the united states
1) laws governing divorces have become less complicated 2) decrease in economic dependence of women 3) society is more tolerant of divorce 4) people expect more of marriage and are less ready to accept problems
about what percent of young adults living today will never marry
15 percent
about how many marriages in the united states end in divorce
40 percent
____ or living together outside of marriage is particularly common among the young
cohabitation
what are the main provisions of the family and medical leave act
companies with over 50 workers must give 12 weeks unpaid leave to parents of newborns. and those taking care of adoption, sick spouses, children, or parents
nuclear family
consists of one or both parents and their children and is the most recognizable family form to people in the United States. In many societies it is embedded in a larger family group
extended family
consists of two or more generations
sandwich generation
couples that are taking care of their children and their parents
how did the distribution of family responsibilities change in the late 1900s
more mothers began working. Day care centers take place of stay at home moms, and fathers began to do more household chores
matriarchy
mother holds most authority
neolocality
new married couple is free to set up a residence apart from both sets of parents
____ is the more common marital system in preindustrial societies around the world
polygamy
secondary relatives
primary relatives of an individuals primary relatives (grandparents, grandchildren, inlaws, uncles and aunts, nephews and nieces)
couples are least likely to marry outside their
race
aunts and uncles are
secondary relatives
women head about 7 out of 10
single parent families
maintaining a home, caring for children, and earning a living often leads to this in one parent families
task overload
how common are one-parent families in the united states
the account for about 25% of the families in the united states with children under the age of 18
voluntary childlessness
the conscious choice to remain childless
family of procreation
the individual, his or her spouse, and their children.
monogamy
the marriage of one man to one woman
bilocality
the newly married couple chooses whether they will live near the husbands or wife's parents
patrilocality
the newly married couple is expected to live with or near the husbands parents
matrilocality
the newly married couple is expected to live with or near the wife's parents
family of orientation
the nuclear family into which the person is born or adopted. family is composed of individual with siblings and parents
marriage
the set of that establishes and characterizes the relationship between married individuals
heterogamy
marriage between individuals who have different social characteristics
exogmany
marriage outside one's social category
polygamy
marriage with multiple partners
endogamy
marriage within one's social category
polygyny
man is permitted to marry more than one woman at a time
regardless of how american families are arrange, most families begin with
marriage
family
a group of people who are related by marriage, blood, or adoption and who often live together and share economic resources
kinship
a network of people who are related by marriage, birth, or adoption and can be quite large and organized into primary, secondary, and tertiary
incest taboo
a norm forbidding sexual relations or marriage between certain relatives
primary relatives
an individuals closest relatives (mother, father, sister, brother, spouse, daughter, son)
blended family
arise when one or both of the marriage partners bring children from their previous marriages into their new family
egalitarian
authority shared between mother and father
homogamy
marriage based on characteristics such as age, socioeconomic status, religion, and raced
which pattern would be most helpful in establishing who inherits the family home
descent
most one parent families in the united states are the result of
divorce
couples generally delay childbearing to
establish their careers
tertiary relatives
everyone else in the family (great grandparents, great grandchildren, great-aunts, great uncles, cousins)
in a ___ grandparents, parents, children, uncles, aunts, and cousins may all live in one house or group of houses or even in different countries
extended families
dual earner families
families in which both husband and wife have jobs
when a person belonging to a nuclear family marries, this new nuclear family is called ___
family of procreation
patriarchy
father holds most authority
what kind of marriage results when an older woman marries a younger man
heterogamous
studies have found that couples who choose to remain childless often have
high levels of education and income
factors that have contributed to heterogamy
higher college enrollments more geographical mobility increased participation of women in the work force
what are three reasons that the number of heterogamous marriages in the United States has increased in recent years
higher college enrollments, more geographical mobility, and increased participation of women in the work force.
how has the median age at first marriage in the united states changed since 1890
in the 1890s it was 22 and 26 and in 2000 it was 25 and 26 so it has increased
since 1970 the number of interracial marriages in the united states has
increased
in some ___ systems there are close to 200 possible categories of relatives
kinship
nuclear families and extended families are often part of a much larger ___ system
kinship
bilateral descent
kinship traced through both parents; property inherited from either side of family
patrilineal descent
kinship traced through fathers family; property passed from father to son
matrilineal descent
kinship traced through mother's family; property passed from mother to daughter
cohabitation
unmarried people living togethe
empty nest
when the children grow up and leave home and the parents have a hard time adjusting
polyandry
woman is permitted to marry more than one man at a time
your mother is part of
your nuclear family, family of orientation, and extended family