sociology Chapter 11: marriage and family
White parents are more likely than parents of other racial-ethnic groups to use shame and guilt to control their children.
False
Two of the most prominent fundamental changes to marriage and family life are __________ and __________.
increased rates of postponing marriage and childbearing, an increase in cohabitation
Compared to 1965, _______________ are spending ______________ time providing child care.
both husbands and wives, more
Which of the following children are less likely to complete high school or college, have emotional problems, and become delinquent compared to their counterparts?
children whose parents divorce compared to children reared by both parents
Research on the brain has shown that the way people yearn for their love interest is similar to the way __________ addicts yearn for their drug.
cocaine
Researchers have found that increased ____________________ has contributed to the increase in the average age of Americans when they get married for the first time and when they have their first child.
cohabitation
Marriage, authority, mate selection, and inheritance standards are all considered __________.
common cultural themes that run through marriage
Throughout history, husbands have had more power and wives have resented it, but now the balance of power seems to be shifting. These are the main concerns of which theoretical perspective?
conflict
As more married women join the workforce, wives will __________.
continue to gain more marital power
Children of divorce are more likely to __________ than are children raised by non-divorced parents.
experience emotional issues
On Thanksgiving Kevin visits with his cousins, aunts, uncles, and grandparents. These people are Kevin's __________ family.
extended
Your aunt, uncle, and cousins are typically considered members of your __________.
extended family
Couples without children are usually infertile.
false
Couples without children, blended families, and families headed by same-sex couples are less common today than they were 50 years ago.
false
Family size is the most important determinant when observing patterns and differences in parenting styles.
false
A __________ is defined as two or more people who consider themselves related by blood, marriage, or adoption.
family
Members of a __________ are related by blood, marriage, or adoption, while members of a __________ share the same living quarters.
family, household
According to __________, the family is universal because it fulfills needs that are basic to the survival of every society.
functionalists
Most __________ families lack legal protections associated with marriage and registered partnerships.
gay and lesbian
Compared to other racial-ethnic groups, Asian American children are more likely to __________.
grow up with both parents
African American families often have fictive kin members. In a given family, these are non-relatives known to __________.
help the family in times of need
Age, education, social class, and race/ethnicity are considered to be __________ when it comes to love and marriage.
highly predictable social channels
In recent decades, the number of families without children has __________.
increased
Researchers have found that love can be __________.
like an addiction
Research has found that couples who cohabit before marriage are __________ likely to experience divorce than couples who do not cohabit before marriage.
more
Karrie and Jim are married and are both from families with divorced parents. Sarah and Mark are married and are both from families with married parents. Karrie and Jim are _____________________.
more likely to divorce than Sarah and Mark
Men who were married to the mother of their children, especially those who are older, more educated, and have higher incomes, are __________.
more likely to see and talk to their children often after divorce
Research has shown that families who attend church __________ often prefer __________ families.
more, larger
Of the following household responsibilities, in which category is there the greatest gap in hours between the husband's duties and the wife's duties?
paid work
The feeling of sexual attraction and idealization of another is called ________.
romantic love
As of 2011, 41 U.S. states have laws that prohibit __________.
same-sex marriage
According to functionalists, the family serves at least __________ necessary roles that are vital to the survival and social order of society.
six
Conflict theorists are most likely to study which aspect of marriage and family?
spousal abuse
Which of the following theoretical perspectives is concerned with ideas of gender—what is "right" for husbands and wives when it comes to housework and child care—as well as changes in gender and parenting norms?
symbolic interactionist
Couples in happy long-term marriages claim that they __________.
think of their spouses as best friends
In __________ societies, parents, usually the father, select a spouse for their child, and couples usually reside with the groom's family instead of establishing a new home.
traditional
As more wives continue to enter the workforce they will gain more marital power.
true
Social class differences tell us more about family life than racial-ethnic differences
true
There are more couples who claim they are in happy marriages than unhappy marriages.
true
About __________ of couples who marry previously cohabited with each other.
two-thirds
Same-sex couples are less likely to break up than opposite-sex couples.
False
The __________ is a term used to describe the traditional divide in the way husbands and wives spend their time.
"gendered division of labor"
The average annual salary of a day care worker is __________.
$17,000
In 1890, an American woman getting married for the first time was likely to be __________.
22
People raised in the 1940s faced the expectation that people would have about __________ children.
4
People in their __________ have the highest rates of divorce.
50s
__________ is another term used to describe "adultolescents."
Boomerang children
How has the age of the average first-time bride and groom in the United States changed since 1890?
Both the bride and groom are older than at any other time.
African American families are the most likely racial-ethnic group to be headed by married couples.
False
Children of divorced families will almost always experience divorce themselves.
False
In Jeannette and Robert Lauer's study of happy marriages, all of the couples who identified as happy frequently disagreed with their spouses regarding aims and goals.
False
Racial-ethnic differences tell us more about family life than social class differences.
False
__________ examine how families are related to other parts of society, especially the ways that marriage and family contribute to the well-being of society
Functionalists
Which of the following pairs best illustrates a happy couple as portrayed in the text?
Rahim and Malia, who think highly of each other, share a sense of humor, and have common objectives
Karen and Jonathan have been dating for over a year. Karen suggests to Jonathan that they move in together to save money on rent and utilities—after all, they basically live together already. Jonathan isn't sure about this. Worried about the long-term success of their relationship, which of the following sociological reasons might Jonathan cite as a reason to delay cohabiting with Karen?
Research shows that couples who cohabit before marriage are more likely to experience divorce than non-cohabiting couples.
__________ love is defined as mutual sexual attraction and idealized feelings about each other.
Romantic
The text alludes to which of the following as a reason a divorced couple might meet again?
There is an important decision to be made involving one of their children
An Asian American immigrant boy was caught cheating on a test at school. According to the text, which was the most likely response from his parents?
They made him feel that he had dishonored the family
When a couple has their first child they may be referred to as __________.
a family of procreation
Polygyny is __________.
a form of marriage in which a husband has more than one wife
The Smith family is made up of a mother and her two children who all live together. What type of family are the Smiths?
a one-parent family
Jim's parents have gotten divorced, but both parents have maintained a strong, loving relationship with him. Jim lives with his mother, who has settled in to her new post-divorce lifestyle nicely and is doing all right financially. Both parents regularly consult with each other to ensure Jim does similar chores, has similar rules, and follows a similar schedule when he stays with his father. Jim has probably __________.
adapted reasonably well after the divorce
The stage of life before adulthood during which a new trend of children staying home longer is becoming common is referred to as ________.
adultolescents
In most cases of incest between siblings, the situation involves __________ to engage in sexual activity.
an older brother getting a younger sister
The author clearly implies that children from single-parent families are __________.
at risk because they are poor, not because of their single-parent situation in and of itself
Same-sex marriage has __________.
become legal in Canada
A __________ family is defined as a family whose members were once part of other families.
blended
The facts regarding how marital violence is initiated indicate that efforts to curb marital violence should focus on ___________________.
both husbands and wives
Children who have __________ are less likely to complete high school or college, more likely to have emotional problems, and more likely to become juvenile delinquents than children who have __________.
divorced parents, married parents
Children of __________ parents are __________ likely to drop out of school, divorce, have emotional problems, and have trouble with the law.
divorced, more
The number of couples who choose not to have children is __________ what it was 20 years ago.
double
ccording to functionalists, the six basic functions that families perform are __________.
economic production, socialization of children, care of the sick and aged, recreation, sexual control, and reproduction
In Native American families __________.
elders tend to play a central role
Researchers have found that feelings of __________ trigger the same part of the brain that lights up when cocaine addicts are craving coke.
love
Functionalists focus on the ways in which the family __________.
makes sure society is perpetuated
In Western culture, especially in the United States, love is considered the foundation for __________.
marriage
Which of the following is characteristic of an egalitarian society?
one in which authority is equally divided between groups
Among married couples, who is the most likely to care for preschoolers when both parents work outside the home?
organized child care facilities
According to conflict theorists, __________ is the source of conflict in marriage.
power
Age, education, and social class are __________.
the most predictable social channels for love and marriage
What is the most significant change in the process of courtship and marriage in America over the last 50 years?
the significant increase in cohabitation
Incest victims who experience the greatest trauma are those who were ____________________.
victimized the most often, whose assaults occurred over longer periods of time, and whose incest was "more intrusive"
The author indicates cohabitation is now __________.
widely accepted
Families living in poverty are more likely to be headed by __________.
women