Sociology Chapter 3 test

material culture

tangible, can touch

robin Williams jr.

was a sociologist who focuses on the importance of core values

taboos

formal, criminal justice system

mores

formal, right and wrong

discovery

process of learning about something previously unknown

sanctions

rewards/punishments

heterogeneous societies

different. ex. US

True

Material culture consists of physical or tangible creation that members of a society make, use, and share.

false

a counterculture is a category of people who share distinguishing attributes, beliefs, values, and or norms that set them apart in some significant manner from the dominant culture

cultural lag

a gap between the technical development of a society and its moral and legal institutions

true

a language based predisposition to think about women in sexual terms reinforces the notion that women are sexual objects

true

according to sociologists William Ogburn, cultural expulsion occurs when material cultural changes faster than non material culture, thus creating a gap between the two cultural components

symbols

anything meaningful that represents something

prescriptive norms

appropriate behavior

values

are collective ideas about what Is right or wrong, bad, good, and desirable in a particular culture

norms

are estb rules of behavior of standards of conduct

yes in your own place but not everywhere

are symbols universal?

cultural relativism

belief that customs and behavior must be viewed and analyzed by their own standards. ex. eating cows and child bearing

popular culture

consist of activities, products, and services that are assumed to appeal primarily to members of the middle and working classes

when material culture changes faster than nonmaterial

how does cultural lag occur?

by invention, discovery, and diffusion

how does culture spread?

true

in their examination of culture, postmodernist social theorists make us aware of the fact that no single perspective can grasp the complexity and diversity of the social world. they also make us aware that reality may not be what it seems.

proscriptive norms

inappropriate behavior

nonmaterial culture

intangible, can't touch

informal norms

less important

true

norms are estb rules of behavior or standards of conduct

false

norms do no dictate which behaviors are appropriate and which ones are not, but they provide us with the standards which we evaluate people, objects, and events.

diffusion

transmission of cultural items or social practices from one group or society

nurture

what do sociologist think is more important nature or nurture?

true

culture shock is the disorientation that people feel when they encounter cultures radically different from their own believe they cannot depend on their own taken for granted assumption about life

false

individuals that are dissimilar in regard to social characteristics such as religion, income, or race are considered to be living in a homogeneous society

folkways

informal, right and rude. ex. come in door and slam in someone's face

false

sanctions are informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture

language

set of symbols that express ideas and enables people to think and communicate with one another

homogeneous societies

small and same cultural ex. sweeten

false

sociologists stress that a gap always exists between ideal culture and real culture in a society. ideal culture refers to the values and standards of behavior that people actually follow; whereas real culture refers to the values and standards of behavior that people in a society profess to hold.

true

taboos are mores so strong that heir violation is considered to be extremely offensive and even unmentionable

true

verbal language and nonverbal language help us describe reality. one of our most important human attributes is the ability to use language to share our experiences, feelings, and knowledge with others.

ability to use language to share our experiences, feelings, and knowledge with others

what does language have the power to convey?

true

when observing people from other cultures, many of us use our own culture as the yardstick by which we judge their behavior. sociologist refer to this approach as ethnocentrism........

William ogburn

who came up with the term cultural lag

formal norms

written laws

nature

what we do as human beings

culture shock

disorientation that people feel when they encounter cultures radically different from their own. ex. eating a cow here and in India they dont

false

event though the specifics of individuals cultures vary widely, all cultures have four common material cultural components: symbols, language, values, and norms

counterculture

is a group that strongly rejects dominant societal values and norms and seeks alternative lifestyles

yes they're interdependent of each other

is culture and society connected?

technology

knowledge, techniques and tools that allow people to transform resources into usable forms.

culture

knowledge, values, customs, and material objects

false

language,beliefs, values, rules of behavior, familiar patterns, and political systems are examples of material culture.

high culture

opera, ballet, classical music, and other activities by elite audiences

nurture

our social environment in other words that our behavior is instinctive

subculture

people who share distinguishing attributes, beliefs, values, and or norms that set the apart in some significant manner

ethnocentrism

practice by judging all other cultures based on own cultural

invention

process of reshaping items into a new form