Sociology Chapter 3 test
material culture
tangible, can touch
robin Williams jr.
was a sociologist who focuses on the importance of core values
taboos
formal, criminal justice system
mores
formal, right and wrong
discovery
process of learning about something previously unknown
sanctions
rewards/punishments
heterogeneous societies
different. ex. US
True
Material culture consists of physical or tangible creation that members of a society make, use, and share.
false
a counterculture is a category of people who share distinguishing attributes, beliefs, values, and or norms that set them apart in some significant manner from the dominant culture
cultural lag
a gap between the technical development of a society and its moral and legal institutions
true
a language based predisposition to think about women in sexual terms reinforces the notion that women are sexual objects
true
according to sociologists William Ogburn, cultural expulsion occurs when material cultural changes faster than non material culture, thus creating a gap between the two cultural components
symbols
anything meaningful that represents something
prescriptive norms
appropriate behavior
values
are collective ideas about what Is right or wrong, bad, good, and desirable in a particular culture
norms
are estb rules of behavior of standards of conduct
yes in your own place but not everywhere
are symbols universal?
cultural relativism
belief that customs and behavior must be viewed and analyzed by their own standards. ex. eating cows and child bearing
popular culture
consist of activities, products, and services that are assumed to appeal primarily to members of the middle and working classes
when material culture changes faster than nonmaterial
how does cultural lag occur?
by invention, discovery, and diffusion
how does culture spread?
true
in their examination of culture, postmodernist social theorists make us aware of the fact that no single perspective can grasp the complexity and diversity of the social world. they also make us aware that reality may not be what it seems.
proscriptive norms
inappropriate behavior
nonmaterial culture
intangible, can't touch
informal norms
less important
true
norms are estb rules of behavior or standards of conduct
false
norms do no dictate which behaviors are appropriate and which ones are not, but they provide us with the standards which we evaluate people, objects, and events.
diffusion
transmission of cultural items or social practices from one group or society
nurture
what do sociologist think is more important nature or nurture?
true
culture shock is the disorientation that people feel when they encounter cultures radically different from their own believe they cannot depend on their own taken for granted assumption about life
false
individuals that are dissimilar in regard to social characteristics such as religion, income, or race are considered to be living in a homogeneous society
folkways
informal, right and rude. ex. come in door and slam in someone's face
false
sanctions are informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture
language
set of symbols that express ideas and enables people to think and communicate with one another
homogeneous societies
small and same cultural ex. sweeten
false
sociologists stress that a gap always exists between ideal culture and real culture in a society. ideal culture refers to the values and standards of behavior that people actually follow; whereas real culture refers to the values and standards of behavior that people in a society profess to hold.
true
taboos are mores so strong that heir violation is considered to be extremely offensive and even unmentionable
true
verbal language and nonverbal language help us describe reality. one of our most important human attributes is the ability to use language to share our experiences, feelings, and knowledge with others.
ability to use language to share our experiences, feelings, and knowledge with others
what does language have the power to convey?
true
when observing people from other cultures, many of us use our own culture as the yardstick by which we judge their behavior. sociologist refer to this approach as ethnocentrism........
William ogburn
who came up with the term cultural lag
formal norms
written laws
nature
what we do as human beings
culture shock
disorientation that people feel when they encounter cultures radically different from their own. ex. eating a cow here and in India they dont
false
event though the specifics of individuals cultures vary widely, all cultures have four common material cultural components: symbols, language, values, and norms
counterculture
is a group that strongly rejects dominant societal values and norms and seeks alternative lifestyles
yes they're interdependent of each other
is culture and society connected?
technology
knowledge, techniques and tools that allow people to transform resources into usable forms.
culture
knowledge, values, customs, and material objects
false
language,beliefs, values, rules of behavior, familiar patterns, and political systems are examples of material culture.
high culture
opera, ballet, classical music, and other activities by elite audiences
nurture
our social environment in other words that our behavior is instinctive
subculture
people who share distinguishing attributes, beliefs, values, and or norms that set the apart in some significant manner
ethnocentrism
practice by judging all other cultures based on own cultural
invention
process of reshaping items into a new form